Análise da dinâmica de expansão dos sítios urbanos de Anajatuba MA e Pinheiro MA e seus impactos sócio-ambientais: perspectivas de um planejamento sustentável

Abstract

The environmental and social issues have no longer been left over when the subject has to do with the urbanization management. Indeed, the natural resources, as public goods, and the human resources valorization have been quickly introduced in human needs group under individual appropriation point of view. The urban occupation and expansion process historically reflects the behavior of the society involved with it. On the other hand, the cities shows, express by their urban sites configurations, an expansion model in default of any planning process. The cities expansion creates an enlargement movement of the urbanized areas on the border environment that is not always appropriated to support them. There is a disagreement and social inequalities generation, agent and consequence of the urban segregation, an environment stress areas and risk for human life as well. Even though it is a very easy process to identify in big cities mainly by the slums appearing it has been observed as a consolidate process of occupation and expansion in small cities. This research reports the urban expansion scenario of Anajatuba and Pinheiro municipal districts that integrates of the Baixada Maranhense and their social and environmental consequences. It was developed from a survey involving environmental, economical and social variables that accounted for the expansion of Anajatuba and Pinheiro municipal districts and the survey of the profile of each municipal district construction as well. It has been also utilized digital mapping techniques on the area that allowed the visualization closed and intersection points between the districts areas and natural flooded areas. The date analysis allowed the construction some occupation scenarios taking into account the main environmental local changes, the different urban soil applications and their social consequences. In addition the date analysis subsidized the discussion on the urban-environmental sustainability of the municipal districts studied.