COLONIZAÇÃO BACTERIANA NASAL EM RECÉM-NASCIDOS PREMATUROS E SUAS MÃES EM DUAS UNIDADES DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA NEONATAL

Abstract

The bacterial colonization occurs soon after birth, depending on the environment where the newborn is and can occur with bacteria as the normal microbiota or by bacteria resistant to antibiotics. Once colonized, at any time, depending on factors such as low immunity, inadequate protection of the skin, exposure to invasive procedures, length of stay in Intensive Care Units - the newborn may be infected with the bacterium that colonizes them. Aiming to know the nasal microbiota of newborns admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and their mothers, it was drew up this present cross-sectional and analytical study where 69 pairs of newborns and their mothers were studied. Nasal swabs were collected from all newborns admitted to the ICU of Parenting Marly Sarney and the University Hospital Materno-Infantil in the period of April to September 2008, weighing between 1200 and 1800g. Were excluded from this study newborns carrying ostomies, catheters, infection of the skin, twins, syndrome, and mothers that were not found to collect the swab. The nasal microbiota of mothers showed up predominantly sensitive to oxacillin, as represented by 48% of Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and 29% of coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CONS), while the newborns were colonized by Staphylococcus resistant to oxacillin, thus distributed: 44% of MRSA and 22% of CONS. So this study shows that newborns hospitalized in intensive care units surveyed the early home of resistant MRSA and Scone, this does not occur with their mothers. Meanwhile the mothers have a rate of 19% of MRSA (13%) and Scone resistant (6%), may represent a form of colonization of the newborn. It was also found strong statistical association, with relative risk of 1.65 between the use of antibiotics by the mother and the newborn colonization by Staphylococcus multiresistant. We conclude that the knowledge of the colonizing nasal maternal flora and of the newborn may guide the health professionals about the specific measures of prevention and epidemic surveillance. Additional studies such as genotyping of the Staphylococcus enable the knowledge of the magnitude of the impact of colonization of the mother and its transmission to the newborn to guide preventive measures such as nasal decolonization of the mother before delivery.