Análise espaço-temporal de casos de dengue por distrito sanitário, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil

Abstract

Currently in Brazil the arboviruses - dengue, zika virus and chikungunya fever - pose serious public health problems, especially because there are not vaccines against these diseases, which, in turn, increases the importance of controlling the vector, Aedes aegypti. The identification of high risk areas for transmitting dengue assists the study of the vector dispersion process. The objective of this study was to analyze the spatial-temporal distribution of dengue cases in residents of São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, reported in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN), relating them to the seven health districts (DS) of the county. This is an ecological study of secondary data of cases and deaths from dengue in residents of São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, reported and confirmed in SINAN from 2000 to 2011. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA, version 10.0 and for the preparation of maps we used the model of discrete spatial variation and QGIS 2.8.1 software. During the study period there were reported and confirmed 17,318 cases of dengue with highest absolute frequencies in 2005, 2007, 2010 and 2011. There was a predominance among the the mixed race people. The first half of the year had more frequent cases. There was recorded an increase of occurrence of the disease in children under 15 and increased hospital admissions from 2002. The four serotypes were identified during the study period. In all of the DS there were reports of dengue cases, with greater concentration in DS Bequimão. The use of the space-time analysis tool in dengue cases allowed us to visualize and understand more holistically the areas of risk and vulnerability to disease in São Luís, especially in the urban area.