https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/576 Thu, 09 Apr 2026 19:43:27 GMT 2026-04-09T19:43:27Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/6628 Título: A taxa de lucro na economia brasileira: análise metodológica e estimativa empírica (2000-2020) Autor: BORTI, Felipe Reis Primeiro orientador: ARAUJO, Elizeu Serra de Abstract: The dissertation aims to analyze the main factors that explain the variations in the profit rate of the Brazilian economy from 2000 to 2020. The investigation covers three main dimensions: I) Estimating the trajectory of the profit rate using national accounts data combined with fixed capital stock series constructed by the perpetual inventory method (PIM), as well as an alternative estimate based on the calculation of the Marxist value added; II) The decomposition of the profit rate through a medium-term approach, which allows isolating the contribution of each factor to the observed variations; and III) A discussion of the limits of the PIM and the specific barriers of the Brazilian context in measuring the capital stock. Throughout the work, the definitions and classifications of the profit rate are discussed, as well as the methodological procedures involved in measuring the capital stock. The study highlights the limitations of the PIM, noting that in Brazil, the lack of national data leads to the adoption of parameters and assumptions regarding depreciation and asset lifespan based on foreign estimates, which can compromise the accuracy of the results. The obtained estimates reveal significant fluctuations in the profit rate over the period but indicate that, within the analyzed horizon, no clear downward trend in the profit rate is observed. The observed fluctuations are strongly associated with capital productivity and the relationship between GDP deflators and Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF). The medium-term decomposition showed that the product/capital ratio played a central role in explaining the fluctuations in the profit rate, especially in the second half of the series, while the share of profits in income remained relatively stable. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/6628 2025-10-31T00:00:00Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/6587 Título: Educação e desenvolvimento socioeconômico: Fundamentos teóricos e evidências do ensino médio em tempo integral no Maranhão Autor: EVERTON, Luiza Helena Pinheiro Primeiro orientador: SOUZA, Rodrigo Gustavo de Abstract: This dissertation analyzes the relationship between education and development, with emphasis on the role of extended school hours as a proposal aimed at enhancing individual formation and, consequently, strengthening human capital and fostering regional economic growth. Structured in two complementary essays, the research articulates theoretical foundations and empirical evidence on the impact of full-time education in the state of Maranhão. The first essay discusses the importance of education in economic growth models, highlighting authors such as Solow, Romer, and Lucas, and emphasizing the centrality of human capital as a driver of growth that contributes to reducing social inequality, fundamental characteristics of the development process. The second essay presents an empirical evaluation of the effects of the full-time high school model on student performance in Maranhão, using 2023 Saeb microdata and the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method. The results indicate a positive and statistically significant effect of full-time education on proficiency in Portuguese and Mathematics, with average gains of 7.6 and 5.1 points, respectively. The analysis also highlights the influence of individual, socioeconomic, school, and geographic characteristics on student performance, reinforcing the idea that educational inequalities mirror social disparities. It is concluded that full-time education, when integrated with a structured pedagogical proposal and supported by consistent public policies, can contribute to improving educational quality and reducing social and economic inequalities, thus serving as an important instrument for promoting long-term socioeconomic development. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação Fri, 17 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/6587 2025-10-17T00:00:00Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/6560 Título: Desempenho e desigualdades no crédito agrícola do PRONAF: evidências dos microdados do Maranhão e implicações para políticas públicas Autor: RUBIM, Deivison Jose Andrade Primeiro orientador: SOUZA, Luiz Eduardo Simoes de Abstract: The National Program for Strengthening Family Farming (PRONAF) represents one of the most significant Brazilian public policies for rural development and the bolstering of family agriculture. This study aims to analyze the inequalities in access to PRONAF agricultural credit in the state of Maranhão, utilizing microdata to examine the implications for rural development public policies. The geographical scope is justified by Maranhão's substantial rural population and the significant contingent of family farmers within the state. Methodologically, a quantitative approach based on microdata is adopted, drawing from sources such as the National Financial System, the 2017 Agricultural Census, and PRONAF administrative data. The analytical methods employed include descriptive statistical analysis and an analysis of resource and contract distribution. The results highlight significant disparities in the program's resource distribution, revealing patterns of inequality that compromise its effectiveness. A concentration of resources in specific regions and beneficiary groups is identified, creating asymmetries in access to agricultural credit. The analysis demonstrates that socioeconomic, geographical, and institutional factors influence the program's performance. Key contributions include an empirical analysis of PRONAF within the regional context, the use of microdata for public policy evaluation, and the identification of specific inequality patterns. It is concluded that, although PRONAF represents an important public policy instrument for family farming, significant challenges persist regarding equity in resource distribution. A reformulation of implementation strategies is recommended, aiming for greater effectiveness, social inclusion, and a reduction in regional inequalities in access to rural credit. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação Wed, 17 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/6560 2025-09-17T00:00:00Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/6517 Título: Mulheres operárias na indústria têxtil do Maranhão, 1870 A 1945: industrialização e desenvolvimento, da perspectiva das questões de gênero Autor: CARREIRO, Perla Daniele Costa Primeiro orientador: SOUZA, Luiz Eduardo Simões de Abstract: This research examines the participation of women workers in the textile industry of Maranhão between 1870 and 1945, focusing on the processes of industrialization and socioeconomic development. Based on historical materialism, the study analyzes the productive social relations and gender issues that characterized the factory environment. It highlights the experiences of female workers, their struggles, and their contributions to the economic and social transformation of the region. The research also explores the evolution of the textile industry in the state, its connections with the cotton cycle, and the impact of industrialization on the female labor market. The methodology combines documentary analysis, bibliographic survey, and a quantitative approach, providing a critical and integrated view of historical data on female participation in the industrial sector. This work contributes to understanding gender inequalities in the workplace and the strategies employed by women, emphasizing their significance in consolidating socioeconomic dynamics in Maranhão. Throughout the study, the aim is to promote a theoretical reflection on the role of women in the history of labor in the state and the challenges they faced in the context of industrialization. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação Tue, 12 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/6517 2025-08-12T00:00:00Z