TEDE Coleção: Programa de mestrado com caráter interdisciplinar.

Desenvolvimento e estabilidade de bebidas probióticas vegetais como estratégia de valorização da biodiversidade brasileira

Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Desenvolvimento e estabilidade de bebidas probióticas vegetais como estratégia de valorização da biodiversidade brasileira Autor: MACHADO, Thalison de Sousa Primeiro orientador: PEREIRA, Ana Lucia Fernandes Abstract: The growing demand for healthy foods has stimulated the development of probiotic plant-based beverages made from regional raw materials. In this context, the present study aimed to optimize the formulations and evaluate the stability of low-calorie probiotic beverages made from babassu coconut and mixed babassu coconut and cashew, promoting the valorization of Brazilian biodiversity. Beverages containing only babassu coconut and beverages supplemented with 13.9% cashew pulp were produced, with the initial pH adjusted to 5.6. Fermentation was carried out for 8 hours at 30 °C using Lacticaseibacillus casei. As a preliminary step, an online survey was conducted with participants to assess consumer attitudes, using word association, a hedonic scale, and purchase intention. Subsequently, a focus group was conducted with regular consumers of fermented beverages to identify preferences and assist in defining vanilla concentration and sweetness levels. After this stage, the following treatments were defined: T1 – babassu coconut probiotic beverage with vanilla; T2 – babassu coconut probiotic beverage with vanilla and xanthan gum; T3 – mixed babassu coconut and cashew beverage; T4 – mixed babassu coconut and cashew beverage with xanthan gum; all formulations were supplemented with 6% xylitol. Sensory acceptance was evaluated by untrained panelists using a hedonic scale, Just-About-Right (JAR) scale, Check-All-That-Apply (CATA), and purchase intention. On day 0 and day 42, the following parameters were analyzed: Lacticaseibacillus casei viability, pH, color, fatty acid profile, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), mineral composition, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity, apparent viscosity, and sedimentation index.To assess sensory characteristics after 42 days of storage, the Flash Profile method was applied. For the sensory attributes evaluated using the hedonic scale, the mean scores for babassu coconut and vanilla probiotic beverages ranged from 6.75 to 7.52. The mixed beverages containing babassu coconut and cashew showed mean scores ranging from 6.12 to 6.95, indicating positive sensory acceptance. After refrigerated storage at 4 °C for 42 days, microbial viability ranged from 7.91 Log CFU/mL (T1) to 8.44 Log CFU/mL (T4). The addition of cashew resulted in a higher content of bioactive compounds and greater antioxidant activity, while xanthan gum increased viscosity and improved sedimentation stability. It can be concluded that mixed babassu coconut and cashew beverages demonstrate the potential of combining raw materials from Brazilian biodiversity to create innovative products. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação

Síntese, caracterização e avaliação funcional de compósitos à base de vidro bioativo funcionalizados com extrato de Dysphania ambrosioides

Thu, 26 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Síntese, caracterização e avaliação funcional de compósitos à base de vidro bioativo funcionalizados com extrato de Dysphania ambrosioides Autor: MARTINS, Gabriel da Silva Primeiro orientador: REIS, Aramys Silva dos Abstract: Bioactive glasses have gained prominence in regenerative medicine due to their ability to interact with biological tissues, induce hydroxyapatite formation, and act as systems for the controlled release of bioactive agents. In this context, the functionalization of these materials with natural products in composite formulations has emerged as a promising strategy to incorporate antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties relevant to tissue repair. Among the species of interest, Dysphania ambrosioides (mastruz) has a broad ethnopharmacological background, together with preclinical evidence of antimicrobial, anti inflammatory, and wound-healing activity, which supports its investigation as a functionalizing agent for glass-based composites. Thus, this dissertation aimed to synthesize and evaluate the physicochemical, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties of borate-based bioactive glass composites functionalized with D. ambrosioides extract. The dissertation is organized into two chapters. Chapter 1 presents a scoping review on the biological potential of bioactive glasses functionalized with natural products in preclinical models, including 24 studies. Overall, functionalization favored the controlled release of bioactive substances, accelerated hydroxyapatite formation, and added antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory properties, without compromising cytocompatibility in most studies. However, important methodological heterogeneity was observed among the analyzed studies. Chapter 2 describes the development of bioactive glass-based composites functionalized with hydroethanolic extract of D. ambrosioides at concentrations of 6% and 12%, compared with the blank composite (0%). The extract showed 86.1 ± 8.88 mg GAE·g⁻¹ of total phenolic compounds and 42.49 ± 0.89 mg QE·g⁻¹ of total flavonoids, in addition to a chromatographic profile compatible with a kaempferol diglycoside. The analytical curve in PBS showed excellent linearity (R² = 0.999). In the release assays, there was a rapid initial release between 2 and 8 hours, more pronounced in the 12% formulation. In SBF, the materials promoted a gradual increase in pH and greater mass loss in the functionalized groups. The diffractograms indicated a predominantly amorphous matrix, with a reflection suggestive of hydroxyapatite at approximately 42° (2θ). Biologically, the composites maintained cell viability ≥ 80%, reduced nitric oxide production, and showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação; Disponibilização parcial até 30/4/2028 por motivo de pedido de patente e publicação em periódico internacional.

Aspectos ecoepidemiológicos do araneísmo e escorpionismo no Maranhão, Brasil, 2013-2014

Mon, 30 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Aspectos ecoepidemiológicos do araneísmo e escorpionismo no Maranhão, Brasil, 2013-2014 Autor: SANTOS, Laryssa Stefany de Azevedo Primeiro orientador: SANTOS, Leonardo Hunaldo dos Abstract: Spider and scorpion stings of public health concern constitute a significant public health problem in Brazil, representing an illness that compromises the quality of life of those affected, resulting in sequelae, temporary or permanent disabilities, and, in extreme cases, death. In this sense, the objective was to analyze the eco-epidemiological aspects of arachnid and scorpion stings in Maranhão reported during the period 2013-2024. This is an ecological study with distinct analytical measures, using microdata obtained from the files of the Notifiable Diseases Information System. A descriptive analysis of the sociodemographic and clinical epidemiological characteristics of the reported cases was performed. To identify the factors associated with arachnid stings, simple and multiple logistic regression models with odds ratios were used, considering a significance level of 5%. The incidence was determined by arachnid group, year, municipality, and Health Regions, and then a temporal trend analysis was performed using Prais-Winsten regression. Annual lethality was also calculated by arachnid group and according to the time elapsed between the bite and treatment. The association between the incidence of arachnid and scorpion stings and temperature and urbanization was estimated using robust multiple regression. Spatial dependence was confirmed using the Global and Local Moran's I test, while spatiotemporal scanning was employed using the Scan statistic to identify areas of epidemiological risk. The seasonality of accidents was verified using a temporal heat map. All statistical and spatial analyses were performed using RStudio software. The research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Maranhão. 21,677 cases of arachnid and scorpion stings were reported, with a predominance of scorpion stings (87.2%) compared to arachnid stings (12.8%). The condition primarily affected males (50.4%; 53.9%), those aged 20 to 39 years (40.7%; 34.6%), those of mixed race (80.8%; 81.8%), and those with primary education (complete and incomplete) (42.2% and 51.2%). Local and systemic complications were rare, while the cure rate (99.4% and 99.7%) exceeded the mortality rate (0.6% and 0.3%). Logistic regression reported that lesions located on the head, thighs, and trunk, accompanied by edema and delays in seeking medical attention, were more associated with spider bites. Investigation of temporal trends revealed increasing patterns of variation in incidence over the years. The analysis of spatial autocorrelation and risk clusters follows different patterns in different periods, highlighting areas of vulnerability throughout the state of Maranhão. Additionally, a significant association was found between arachnidism and urbanization, and between scorpionism and temperature and urbanization. These findings allow for the integration of environmental management actions, basic sanitation, and population education, as well as strengthening the health network with rapid access to diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The use of ecological and epidemiological tools to monitor spatial and temporal patterns improves prevention and control, promoting more effective and locally tailored interventions. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação; Disponibilização parcial do conteúdo até 30/3/2031 por motivo de publicação de artigos referente aos resultados da dissertação

Tendência temporal da morbimortalidade e custos das anomalias congênitas prioritárias entre crianças no Brasil, 2013 A 2022

Mon, 23 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Tendência temporal da morbimortalidade e custos das anomalias congênitas prioritárias entre crianças no Brasil, 2013 A 2022 Autor: SOUZA, Daianne Santos de Primeiro orientador: DIAS, Ismália Cassandra Costa Maia Abstract: Priority congenital anomalies are a group recognized by the Ministry of Health of Brazil, and focusing on this specific set of conditions is an epidemiological surveillance strategy. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze temporal trends in morbidity and mortality and hospitalization costs due to priority congenital anomalies among children under 5 years of age in Brazil from 2013 to 2022. This was an ecological time-series study that assessed trends in mortality, hospitalizations, hospital costs, and case fatality in this population over the study period. We used data from the Mortality Information System and the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS), including records of deaths and hospitalizations whose underlying cause corresponded to one of the congenital anomalies listed in the national priority diagnoses defined by the Ministry of Health. We analyzed hospitalization costs using a macro-costing approach, adjusted for inflation using the National Broad Consumer Price Index, and converted to US dollars based on the exchange rate in December 2025. We assessed temporal trends in mortality rates, hospitalization rates, total costs, and case fatality using Prais–Winsten linear regression. We investigated factors associated with hospitalization costs using robust linear regression with M-estimators. There were 47,067 deaths and 219,744 hospitalizations, with total hospital costs of approximately BRL 2.13 billion related to priority congenital anomalies among children under five in Brazil between 2013 and 2022. Among the groups of priority congenital anomalies, congenital heart defects accounted for the highest number of deaths, hospitalizations, and associated costs. The temporal trend in mortality rates showed a stationary pattern in Brazil (p-value > 0.05). In contrast, hospitalization rates showed an increasing trend nationwide (APC: 2; 95% CI: 0.54 to 3.49; p-value =0.01), while the Northeast, Midwest, and South regions remained stable (p-value >0.05). Regarding hospitalization costs, the lowest expenditures occurred in the North region (BRL 108,034,820.92; USD 19,634,127.09), whereas the highest concentration of resources was observed in the Southeast (BRL 988,027,221.92; USD 179,562,958.33). The trend in hospital costs for priority congenital anomalies in Brazil remained stable over time (p-value >0.05). Multivariable analysis showed that mean hospitalization costs were significantly lower for females (p-value = 0.001) and for the South region (p-value < 0.001). Case fatality showed a decreasing trend in Brazil during the study period (APC: -3.09; 95% CI: -3.92 to -2.26; p value <0.01). In conclusion, priority congenital anomalies continue to have a significant impact on child morbidity and mortality and healthcare costs, particularly congenital heart defects. The observed trends suggest improvements in care, although these remain insufficient to consistently reduce the overall burden of the problem in the country. In this context, strengthening surveillance, early diagnosis, and the organization of healthcare services is essential to improve outcomes and reduce regional inequalities. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação