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Análise espacial da tuberculose pulmonar na população negra no estado do Maranhão de 2010 a 2024

Mon, 23 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Análise espacial da tuberculose pulmonar na população negra no estado do Maranhão de 2010 a 2024 Autor: MONTELO, Elivelton Sousa Primeiro orientador: SARDINHA, Ana Hélia de Lima Abstract: Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains one of the leading public health problems in Brazil and worldwide, accounting for high rates of morbidity and mortality. The pulmonary form is the most prevalent and epidemiologically relevant, as it represents the main route of transmission and accounts for most hospital admissions. This study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of hospitalizations due to pulmonary tuberculosis among the Black population in the state of Maranhão, Brazil, from 2010 to 2024. This is a retrospective ecological study based on data from the Brazilian Unified Health System Hospital Information System and population projections from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Hospitalization rates per 100,000 Black inhabitants were calculated and represented in thematic maps using QGIS (version 3.28.13)® and R (version 4.2.2)® software, applying Kernel density estimation and the Local Moran’s I (LISA) technique. A total of 960 hospitalizations for pulmonary tuberculosis were recorded among individuals self-identified as Black or Brown, of whom 68.0% were male and 53.4% were aged 30–59 years. Most cases occurred in inland municipalities (76.1%). Emergency admissions predominated (69.6%), and 96% of records referred to individuals identified as Brown. Spatial analysis revealed a heterogeneous and non-random pattern, with clusters of higher concentration in the central-northern and central-southern regions of the state. LISA identified statistically significant clusters (p < 0.05), with a High–High pattern in Fernando Falcão, Fortaleza dos Nogueiras, and Grajaú, and a Low–High pattern in Formosa da Serra Negra, São Raimundo das Mangabeiras, Colinas, Tuntum, São Luís Gonzaga do Maranhão, and Poção de Pedras. In conclusion, hospitalizations for pulmonary tuberculosis among the Black population in Maranhão show an unequal spatial distribution, reflecting the influence of racial and territorial factors on the occurrence and concentration of the disease in the state. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação

Caracterização Genômica e Prospecção In Silico de Metabólitos Secundários da Cianobactéria Nostoc Gbbb01 do Parque Nacional da Chapada das Mesas-MA

Fri, 18 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Caracterização Genômica e Prospecção In Silico de Metabólitos Secundários da Cianobactéria Nostoc Gbbb01 do Parque Nacional da Chapada das Mesas-MA Autor: ROCHA, Iolanda Karoline Barros dos Santos Primeiro orientador: DALL’AGNOL, Leonardo Teixeira Abstract: Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotic microorganisms that are known to produce a variety of secondary metabolites with diverse bioactivities. Although the state of Maranhão presents a unique combination of biodiversity since it has three Brazilian biomes (Amazon, Cerrado and Caatinga) and respective transition zones, few studies have been carried out to characterize the diversity of photosynthesizers and their potential. In view of this, this study aimed to characterize the genome of the Nostoc sp. GBBB01 from the collection of the UFMA Biodiversity, Bioprospecting and Biotechnology Research Group, isolated in unialgal culture originally from the Chapada das Mesas National Park, in the Cerrado of Maranhão, and investigating by means of genomic mining secondary metabolites of biotechnological interest. After metagenomic sequencing, the genomes obtained were separated and assembled and then proceeded with the step of annotating the isolated genome of the GBBB01 strain using the Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline (PGAP) and RAST. Structural and comparative characterization of the genome was performed using antiSMASH 5.0, NaPDoS, OrthoVven2, MEGA X for phylogeny and Species Tree application present in KBase for phylogenomics. Phenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA sequence of the Nostoc sp. GBBB01 confirmed the strong relationship with other strains of the genera Nostoc and Desmonostoc. 25 functional categories were identified by the RAST server. The search performed by the antiSMASH tool detected 24 gene clusters of biosynthetic pathways. When comparing individual results between genomes, the most common groupings were bacteriocins, terpenes, heterocyst glycolipids, NRPS, nostoficin, microviridine k and nostopeptolide A2, but only in the GBBB01 genome did we detect the biosynthetic pathways of nosperine, anabaenopeptin / nostamide A. C and KS domains were identified 15 and 21 respectively. This is the first record of a genome of the genus Nostoc from the state of Maranhão, the strain demonstrated the presence of genes related to several compounds with importance from the point of view of health and environment, in addition to revealing its high potential in producing bioactive compounds relevant to biotechnological applications. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação

Insegurança alimentar e sustentabilidade alimentar no Brasil: interseções entre o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados, desigualdade racial e pegada de carbono da dieta

Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Insegurança alimentar e sustentabilidade alimentar no Brasil: interseções entre o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados, desigualdade racial e pegada de carbono da dieta Autor: LIMA , Alícia Cardoso Primeiro orientador: COSTA, Andréa Suzana Vieira Abstract: Current food systems are characterized by increasing industrialization, globalization, long supply chains, and the intensification of ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption. These factors have contributed to a global syndemic marked by the pandemics of obesity and malnutrition, exacerbated by climate change and with significant impacts on food security (FS), particularly among Black populations and socially vulnerable groups, thereby deepening inequalities. In this context, Chapter I of this dissertation presents an integrative review aimed at summarizing the dietary patterns of the Black Brazilian population and identifying the determinants of their food choices. The search was conducted across six databases (SCOPUS, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, LILACS, and MEDLINE), in Portuguese and English, in addition to a manual reference search, resulting in the inclusion of 14 cross-sectional studies. The analysis revealed higher consumption of beans, carbohydrates, meats, and fats, and lower consumption of fruits, vegetables, ultra-processed foods, sugar-sweetened beverages, and fast food among mixed-race (pardo), Black, and quilombola populations, with influences from socioeconomic, racial, demographic, and territorial determinants. Chapter II aimed to analyze the association between UPF consumption and levels of food (in)security in the Brazilian population through a cross-sectional study using secondary data from the 2017–2018 Household Budget Survey (POF), with a representative sample of 46,164 individuals aged 10 years or older. Food security was assessed using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale, and dietary intake was obtained through a 24-hour recall and classified according to the NOVA system, considering demographic and socioeconomic variables. The results showed higher consumption of unprocessed and minimally processed foods in food-insecure households and higher consumption of UPFs among food-secure individuals, as well as a negative association between UPF consumption and both mild and severe food insecurity, with reduced differences after adjustment, suggesting a possible homogenization of consumption across groups. Finally, Chapter III analyzed differences in the dietary carbon footprint (CF) according to food insecurity levels using POF 2017–2018 data, estimating CF based on emission coefficients associated with consumed foods. The findings indicated a negative association between food insecurity and dietary CF, particularly at moderate and severe levels, and a positive association among food-secure individuals, with higher CF observed among males, adults, individuals with higher education and income, those living in rural areas, and residents of the Central-West and Northern regions. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação

ETNOFARMACOLOGIA NA VALIDAÇÃO E FARMACOVIGILÂNCIA EM FITOTERAPIA: Revisão do uso de espécies vegetais em comunidades tradicionais brasileiras e o estudo no Quilombo Embiral Cabeça-Branca, Maranhão, Brasil

Fri, 30 May 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: ETNOFARMACOLOGIA NA VALIDAÇÃO E FARMACOVIGILÂNCIA EM FITOTERAPIA: Revisão do uso de espécies vegetais em comunidades tradicionais brasileiras e o estudo no Quilombo Embiral Cabeça-Branca, Maranhão, Brasil Autor: RODRIGUES, Sarah Beatriz Ferreira Primeiro orientador: AMARAL, Flávia Maria Mendonça do Abstract: Humans have an intimate relationship with plants, as old as their own history, using plants for a wide variety of purposes. Ethnodirected research (ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological) provides extensive knowledge of the diverse uses of plant resources by communities and ethnic groups, with an emphasis on traditional populations. However, it should be noted that most of the population is unaware of the risks and dangers associated with the indiscriminate use of plant species, especially for therapeutic purposes. Thus, this work aimed to survey the plants used and/or mentioned in the therapeutics and/or prevention of diseases by traditional communities and to develop an ethnopharmacological study in the Quilombo Embiral Cabeça-Branca in the municipality of Pedro do Rosário, state of Maranhão. The research began with an integrative review (chapter 01) The study, entitled “Ethnopharmacology: a review of the use of medicinal plants in traditional Brazilian communities,” included studies published from 2004 to 2025, resulting in 22 studies. Research predominantly involved riverside and quilombola communities, with species distributed across 14 botanical families, notably Amaranthaceae, Anacardiaceae, and Rutaceae, and a higher frequency of *Aloe vera* (L.) Burm.f. and *Dysphania ambrosioides* (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants; with evidence of the use of exotic plant species. Subsequently, field research was conducted using an ethnodirected approach. (chapter 2) entitled “Ancestral Knowledge and Healing Practices: An Ethnobotanical Study in the Quilombola Territory of Embiral CabeçaBranca” was conducted, in which the shaman Luiz Teixeira was interviewed. This resulted in the identification and characterization of species widely used in the territory as a form of healing, some without proven efficacy and therapeutic safety, which should prompt further validation studies, as is the case with the species Papa-terra and Pariri; the appeal of part of the community for assistance in the context of healing was also evident. It is worth emphasizing that both studies evidenced the inappropriate use of plant species, whether due to therapeutic ineffectiveness, toxicity risks, and/or methods of use incompatible with those described in official compendiums, such as Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (vernacular name: babosa). Given these inconsistencies and with the aim of raising awareness of the associated risks and dangers, thus supporting pharmacovigilance actions, as well as preserving local culture, an educational booklet (chapter 03) was developed as feedback to the Embiral community, entitled “Medicinal Plants of Embiral Cabeça-Branca - MA”. These data encourage the continued validation of plant species and reinforce the role of ethnopharmacology as a tool, both in the selection of plant species for Research and Development of new bioproducts and in the identification of risks and dangers associated with the popular therapeutic use of plants without proven efficacy and safety, thus encouraging Pharmacovigilance actions in Phytotherapy. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação; Trabalho sob Sigilo.Motivo do Sigilo: Publicação dos artigos em revistas que exigem sigilo total. Prazo previsto para disponibilização total: 10/09/2026.