https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/710 2026-08-05T17:36:18Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/7141 Título: Trajetórias educacionais de mulheres trans e travestis: desafios e perspectivas na educação básica em São Luís/MA Autor: FEITOSA, Isabelle Dourado Primeiro orientador: FERREIRA, Maria Mary Abstract: Educational Trajectories of Trans Women and Travestis: challenges and perspectives in basic education in São Luís/MA investigates how trans women and travestis narrate their trajectories through basic education and the meanings they attribute to the experiences lived within the school environment. The relevance of this investigation is articulated across three dimensions: epistemological, in recognizing the narratives of these women not as illustrations of pre-existing data, but as a form of knowledge constructed from the standpoint of those who lived what is sought to be understood; political, in shifting the axis of knowledge production from the institutional perspective to the perspective of the subjects themselves, acknowledging that these voices hold authority to speak about what they have experienced; and analytical, in taking São Luís/MA as a situated empirical context, interrogating how the local political and institutional environment appears in the narrated trajectories and how national policies produce distinct effects in specific subnational contexts. The general objective is to understand how these women narrate their educational trajectories and the meanings they assign to the experiences lived within the school space. The approach is qualitative, grounded in Bourdieu's reflexive sociology (1989), in dialogue with Foucault (1979, 1988), Butler (2003), and scholars from the fields of gender studies, sexuality, and education. The central technique is the narrative interview, as theorized by Jovchelovitch and Bauer (2002), which allows access to the subjective dimensions of experience and the meanings that subjects attribute to their trajectories. Four trans women and travestis who attended public basic education schools in São Luís/MA participated in the research, selected through snowball sampling as outlined by Vinuto (2014). The findings reveal three central analytical patterns: exclusion operates predominantly in a diffuse manner, through silence, omission, and the naturalization of practices that deny legitimacy to certain forms of existence, without needing to declare itself in order to produce its effects; the school persistence of the participants was not guaranteed by the institution, but rather constructed by the subjects themselves with the support of informal networks of care and protection located in the interstices of the pedagogical space, exposing the structural limits of formal inclusion policies; and there is a structuring tension between the normative advances that have been achieved and the everyday practices of non-recognition that persist even where rights are formally guaranteed. It is concluded that the school exclusion of trans women and travestis is not capturable through dropout rates, it is inscribed in bodies, subjectivities, and the survival strategies these women construct in the face of a space that systematically refuses to recognize them as legitimate subjects, pointing to the need for public retention policies that go beyond enrollment figures and formal regulations. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2026-06-16T00:00:00Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/7140 Título: Famílias chefiadas por mulheres na sociedade capitalista: uma análise de famílias monoparentais femininas no Município de São Luís - MA Autor: SETUBAL, Maria José Ferreira Costa Primeiro orientador: FERREIRA, Maria Mary Abstract: This dissertation, titled “Female-Headed Families in Capitalist Society: An Analysis of Female-Headed Single-Parent Families in the Municipality of São Luís, Maranhão,” aims to analyze the reality of low-income female-headed single-parent families within capitalist society in São Luís, Maranhão. It considers gender inequalities, socioeconomic conditions, and the challenges women face in managing and sustaining their families. The analysis is grounded in the understanding that capitalist society produces and reproduces gender inequalities that directly impact women's lives, particularly those who head their households without a spouse present. In this context, the study discusses the condition of women in capitalist society, highlighting how economic, social, and cultural factors contribute to the burden placed on women—a burden characterized by the accumulation of responsibilities for financial support, domestic chores, and caregiving activities. The study reflects on the sexual division of labor, understood as a historical and social construct that establishes distinct roles for men and women within society. It also addresses the role of the State in capitalist society; while the State formulates and implements public policies aimed at promoting gender equality, these policies prove insufficient to tackle the structural inequalities experienced by female heads of households. The research included an empirical phase and data analysis, which enabled an understanding of the challenges faced by female heads of single-parent families, highlighting difficulties related to employment, income, family care, and access to public policies. From a methodological standpoint, this study employs a qualitative approach based on a literature review and field research. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews with women who head their households without a spouse present—preferably those with children. This methodological choice allowed for a comprehensive capture of these women's experiences, perceptions, and lived realities. The results demonstrate that female- headed single-parent households do not, in themselves, represent a process of women's emancipation. In many cases, this arrangement reflects an expansion of the responsibilities assigned to women, unaccompanied by a corresponding redistribution of caregiving duties among men, the State, and society. The findings also highlight that female headship of a household cannot be understood as a natural condition, but rather as an expression of the interplay between patriarchy, capitalism, inadequate social protection policies, and the persistent failure of fathers to assume responsibility for caregiving and family provision. The study concludes that the rise in female-headed single-parent households did not stem from a free and autonomous choice, but rather reflects inequalities generated by capitalist society, intertwined with patriarchal relations. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2026-06-15T00:00:00Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/7139 Título: A vigilância socioassistencial nos municípios maranhenses de IDH muito baixo: desafios e perspectivas de implementação Autor: ROCHA, Izabel Cristina Silveira Primeiro orientador: ARAÚJO, Cleonice Correia Abstract: This study presents a proposal for implementing social assistance surveillance in small municipalities (Type I), in accordance with the competencies of state and municipal levels, with the participation of social assistance policy users, technical teams, managers, and social assistance council members from the studied municipalities. It identifies the role of surveillance in guaranteeing social protection for families and creating references for planning and developing services aligned with the needs and demands of the population; it identifies determining factors for the non-operationalization of social assistance surveillance in Maranhão municipalities with Very Low HDI (Human Development Index); as well as the lack of awareness of its importance on the part of their managers and implementers. Based on the subjects' statements, elements stand out for understanding the non- implementation of social assistance surveillance as a reference in building the guarantee of and access to rights. The study concludes that social assistance surveillance in the researched municipalities is in an embryonic stage of actual implementation. Although formally established in two municipalities, its operation is informal, leading us to infer that, as a function of social assistance policy, it does not present the necessary conditions to fulfill its role of guaranteeing social protection to families and creating references for planning and developing offers aligned with the needs and demands of the population. The lack of awareness of the importance of surveillance in the operationalization of social assistance policy; of its necessity in identifying situations of vulnerability and social risks to which individuals and families are exposed, constitute elements that hinder its effective implementation. There is a need for managers, implementers, social control agents, and users to understand and incorporate the meaning of socio-assistance surveillance. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2026-06-12T00:00:00Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/7138 Título: A Polícia Militar e a violência doméstica contra a mulher: o caso da Patrulha Maria da Penha na região metropolitana de São Luís/MA no período de 2017 a 2024 Autor: OLIVEIRA, Eduardo Batista de Primeiro orientador: ARAÚJO, Cleonice Correia Abstract: This dissertation examines the role of the Maria da Penha Patrol of the Military Police of Maranhão in the inspection and monitoring of Urgent Protective Measures (UPMs) in the Metropolitan Region of São Luís, Maranhão, between 2017 and 2024, in light of the Maria da Penha Law and State Decree No. 31.763/2006. The study is based on the understanding that gender violence against women constitutes a historical expression of unequal and hierarchical power relations between men and women, sustained by patriarchal ideology and reproduced within the social, political, economic, and cultural structures of Brazilian society. In this context, the research discusses the role of public policies aimed at combating violence against women and the performance of the Military Police as an institution historically marked by repressive practices and social control, but which has gradually become part of contemporary public security mechanisms focused on protection and citizenship. The study adopted the historical-dialectical materialism method, seeking to understand the investigated phenomenon in its totality, historicity, and contradictions. A qualitative and quantitative approach was employed through bibliographical research, documentary analysis, field research, and action research. Data collection techniques included semi-structured interviews with military police officers assigned to the Maria da Penha Patrol, as well as participant observation of the unit’s operational and administrative activities. The findings revealed that the Maria da Penha Patrol constitutes an important public mechanism for monitoring Urgent Protective Measures and strengthening the relationship between the State and women experiencing domestic violence. However, the investigation also identified significant structural and institutional limitations, such as reduced personnel, precarious material and logistical resources, the need for greater professional qualification, and weaknesses in the interinstitutional articulation of the protection network. The study concludes that strengthening the Maria da Penha Patrol requires structural investments, expansion of specialized personnel, continuous professional training, and more effective integration among institutions within the protection network, in order to ensure greater effectiveness of the public policy for monitoring and supervising Urgent Protective Measures. This research contributes to the advancement of academic and professional debates concerning the relationship between gender, public policies, and public security, while also providing support for the improvement of institutional actions aimed at protecting women in situations of violence. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2026-05-25T00:00:00Z