https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/3 2026-06-02T23:48:30Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/7006 Título: Na cadência da Império: relatos etnográficos da Império do Samba de Ouro, Penalva   Autor: SOUSA, Raul Brunno Pereira Primeiro orientador: ZORZAL, Ricieri Carlini Abstract: The purpose of this study is to reflect upon samba in Maranhão through the lens of Império do Samba school, from the Ouro village in Penalva. This research aims to understand the processes of resignification, adaptation, and symbolic dispute surrounding samba as a cultural artifact, which, despite being elevated to the status of a national symbol, acquires distinct inflections in regional contexts, such as the Maranhão countryside. The following question is: how does Império do Samba produce and sustain samba as a pratice of Maranhão’s popular culture in the face of the symbolic disputes and hierarchies present in the state’s cultural field. The work is dedicated to an ethnographic description and critical analysis of Império do Samba, observing how this collective territorializes samba, articulates local culture, collective memory, and identity, and challenges hegemonic narratives that have historically marginalized Black and rural popular expressions in favor of urban and centralized models. The analyzed data were obtained through participant observation within Império do Samba, as well as the author’s experience as a volunteer researcher during the development of the National Inventory of Cultural References for Maranhão's Carnival Batucadas and Samba. Grounded in the conception that popular culture is not an innate or spontaneous expression of a "people," but rather the result of complex political and symbolic mediations, this research operates on the hypothesis that the presence of samba in peripheral contexts is not a reflection of cultural homogenization. Instead, it represents a dense and situated reterritorialization of plural meanings, tensioning the aesthetic and symbolic centralization of currently hegemonic Carnival models. This research is anchored in interpretive anthropology and cultural studies, articulating the categories of popular culture, identity, and tradition. Based on fieldwork, participant observation, and interviews with school members, the study highlights how samba functions in peripheral contexts as a practice of resistance, memory, and the production of local identity. Império do Samba reveals a unique cultural experience that reinterprets samba in light of local dynamics, in dialogue with other manifestations of so-called Maranhão popular culture, such as Tambor de Mina and Cura. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2026-01-29T00:00:00Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/7005 Título: Do tiro de canhão à subnotificação, mas ainda existe homotransfobia no Maranhão? uma análise socioespacial dos crimes letais intencionais em São Luís - MA Autor: FIGUEIREDO , Igor Emanuel Nunes Farias Pinheiro Primeiro orientador: OLIVEIRA, Ana Caroline Amorim Abstract: contemporary social life by naming, based on biological determinism and the demand for coherence between sex, gender, and desire, which bodies have the right to exist and which are pushed to the margins of death. In this grammar of power, cisheteronormative bodies occupy the center of privilege, while LGBTI+ bodies, when not adjusted to the dominant model, are marked by violence, denial, and erasure. This naming is not neutral: it wounds, disciplines, and kills, transforming difference into a legitimate target. In Brazil, this reality takes on even more urgent contours in the face of the growth of lethal violence due to homophobia and transphobia, especially in the state of Maranhão. It is in this context that the study proposes to analyze lethal crimes due to homophobia and transphobia registered in São Luís between 2020 and 2024, questioning how the Maranhão Public Security Secretariat receives, registers, and handles these occurrences. By systematically tracing, through the LGBTI+ Lethal Violence Bulletins in Maranhão produced by the LGBTI+ Public Policy Observatory, the socio-spatial profile of crimes and victims, considering territory, identity, sexuality, age, skin color, instrument, and method, the research transforms data into denunciation and memory. Methodologically, it is an exploratory-descriptive, bibliographic, and documentary study, with a qualitative-quantitative approach, using statistical modeling and graph production as tools for a critical reading of violence. The findings highlight territories marked by death and neglect, reinforcing the urgency of public policies that guarantee security and expand social and cultural diversity. Supported by an intersectional gender theoretical framework, this research draws on authors such as Sigmund Freud, Jacques Lacan, Michel Foucault, Judith Butler, Achille Mbembe, and Rita Segato, aiming to challenge compulsory cisheteronormativity and the historical erasure of dissident bodies. Multidisciplinary in nature, this research is linked to line N1 – Sociocultural Expressions and Processes, of the Postgraduate Program in Culture and Society at UFMA. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2026-01-14T00:00:00Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/6993 Título: DIREITOS TERRITORIAIS E RACISMO ESTRUTURAL: O CASO DAS COMUNIDADES QUILOMBOLAS DE ALCÂNTARA NA CORTE INTERAMERICANA DE DIREITOS HUMANOS Autor: TRAJANO, Izabela De Oliveira Primeiro orientador: SOUSA, Monica Teresa Costa Abstract: The purpose of this dissertation is to assess the relationship between the implementation of large-scale projects in ethnic territories and the effectiveness of reparatory measures ordered by the Inter-American Human Rights System, through an examination of territorial conflicts arising from Decree No. 7,820/1980 and an analysis of the political and institutional obstacles that hinder the enforcement of international judgments within the Brazilian legal system. The research is interdisciplinary in nature and adopts a qualitative approach, comprehensive and reflective in character, utilizing deductive and monographic methods, operationalized through a bibliographic survey and documentary analysis, with particular emphasis on the November 2024 Judgment of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR) and documents from the New Social Cartography Project. The results indicate that the IACHR’s jurisprudence, through an evolutionary interpretation, guarantees the right to collective property and prior consultation, equating quilombola communities with tribal peoples. In contrast, the establishment of the CLA, grounded in structural racism and the narrative of demographic vacuum, has caused forced displacements, food insecurity, and the severing of ancestral ties, creating a scenario of cultural genocide. An analysis of compliance with the recent ruling reveals institutional efforts, such as the “Viva Alcântara” Project and settlement agreements for the titling of 78,105 hectares, but points to persistent challenges in the regularization of agrivillages and the implementation of structural reparations due to bureaucratic obstacles and the state’s selective approach. It is concluded that the research hypothesis was confirmed, demonstrating that the state’s mercantile logic generated systematic violations, and that the effectiveness of international decisions in Brazil depends on overcoming institutional resistance and consolidating conventionality control to ensure full reparation and the protection of quilombola territorial rights. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2026-01-27T00:00:00Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/6985 Título: A POSSIBILIDADE DE NOVAS EXPERIÊNCIAS COLETIVAS E DE PRODUÇÃO CULTURAL: Das Festas cívicas de Rousseau à Arte da vida em Guy Debord Autor: SOUSA, Ana Beatriz Carvalho de Primeiro orientador: FAÇANHA, Luciano da Silva Abstract: This dissertation proposes a critical analysis of the role of theater in society based on the Letter to d’Alembert on the Theatre (1758), in which Jean-Jacques Rousseau criticizes theater as a form of vanity and moral corruption, advocating instead for civic festivals as public manifestations aimed at popular participation and the preservation of communal bonds. The objective is to examine, in light of Rousseau, the type of spectacle suitable for a society centered on Being rather than Appearing, articulating this reflection with contemporary critiques by Guy Debord, Theodor W. Adorno, and Hans-Georg Gadamer. In dialogue with the concept of the “Society of the Spectacle” (1967), the research investigates how culture has transformed social life into representations that privilege image and consumption. It conducts a theoretical-critical analysis based on bibliographic review and comparative interpretation, articulating Debord’s theory with authors such as Feuerbach, Jappe, Barthes, and Rousseau, and relating it to contemporary cultural works such as Orwell’s 1984 and current musical productions. The methodology examines image mediation, commodity fetishism, and alienation from both historical and contemporary perspectives, drawing on philosophical, sociological, and cultural sources to interpret mechanisms of representation, consumption, and symbolic domination.The approach mobilizes empirical examples, such as May ’68, media phenomena, popular music, and pop culture idols, to demonstrate how spectacle operates in everyday life and to contrast these dynamics with Rousseau’s critique of appearances and civic festivals. Thus, the dissertation adopts an interdisciplinary, critical, and interpretative methodology that combines conceptual analysis, close reading, and the study of cultural manifestations. It also incorporates contributions by Adorno and Horkheimer on mass culture in Dialectic of Enlightenment (1986), by Gadamer on festivals in The Relevance of the Beautiful (1985), and by Rousseau scholars such as Luiz Roberto Salinas Fortes (1997) and Jacira de Freitas (2003). The dissertation concludes that it is necessary to reflect on contemporary cultural practices, such as festivals and popular events, questioning whether it is still possible to foster genuine collective experiences in a society oriented toward appearance rather than being. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2025-12-16T00:00:00Z