TEDE Communidade:
https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/tede/281
2024-03-28T22:54:29ZModelagem da dinâmica do uso e cobertura da terra do parque nacional da chapada das mesas, Maranhão, com vistas a conservação.
https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/tede/5165
Título: Modelagem da dinâmica do uso e cobertura da terra do parque nacional da chapada das mesas, Maranhão, com vistas a conservação.
Autor: ROCHA, Hauanen Araújo
Primeiro orientador: ALMEIDA JUNIOR, Eduardo Bezerra de
Abstract: This work is an integral part of research carried out in the Conservation Unit
called Chapada das Mesas National Park (PNCM), located in the municipalities of Estreito,
Carolina and Riachão, in the state of Maranhão. The park was established in a panorama of wealth
biological and natural attributes, acting as an ecotone between the Cerrado, Amazon and Caatinga biomes. O
The study aims to: 1- quantify the use and coverage of land in the Chapada das National Park
Tables for the years 2007 and 2014, 2014 and 2020, 2007 and 2020 using satellite images (Landsat7
ETM sensor and Landsat8 OLI sensor). 2- Investigate what are the main factors responsible for
coverage changes for the study area; 3- Prepare a map of land use and coverage of the space
PNCM; 4- Validate the model by comparing the prediction of changes for 2020 and the images
classified for the same year; and 5- Obtain a projection of the usage and coverage situation for 2030.
The study was carried out using the GIS program (SPRING, QGIS) and Dinamica EGO 7.1.1, a software
free from environmental modeling. Through the use of computational methods and tools, such as
geoprocessing, remote sensing and environmental modeling, the study was carried out throughout the area
of the PNCM, making it possible to determine the factors that are causing environmental impacts within the
study area. The research contributed to the management and monitoring of the PNCM, one of the largest
richness of the cerrado biome ecosystem existing in the state of Maranhão, in addition to subsidizing and
stimulate future research aimed at decision makers with a view to protecting and
conservation of the Chapada das Mesas National Park.
Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão
Tipo do documento: Dissertação2022-12-30T00:00:00ZBiodiversidade de macrófitas aquáticas em uma área úmida ecotonal
https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/tede/5157
Título: Biodiversidade de macrófitas aquáticas em uma área úmida ecotonal
Autor: AROUCHE, Marlla Maria Barbosa
Primeiro orientador: ALMEIDA JUNIOR, Eduardo Bezerra de
Abstract: The Baixada Maranhense lowland is one of the largest wetlands in Maranhão, having the largest set of
lacustrine basins in the Northeast, having worldwide importance as a conservation hotspot, being elected
as one of the Ramsar sites in Brazil, it is also referred to as "Pantanal Maranhense" comprising
approximately 20 thousand km² within the Legal Amazon of Maranhão). Aquatic macrophytes are an
important part of this ecosystem, they are plants visible to the naked eye, whose active photosynthetic
parts are permanently, or for several months, every year, totally or partially submerged in fresh or
brackish water, or floating. In the Baixada Maranhense lakes, floristic and ecological studies of aquatic
macrophytes are necessary to understand the dynamics of communities, since these plants play the role
of primary producers in the food chain, producing a lot of biomasses, and directly contributing to
increased diversity. To ensure proper management aiming at the conservation of aquatic macrophyte
species in Maranhão, studies aimed at understanding the species are necessary, together with studies
involving taxonomy and ethnobotany. The correct identification of species can, in addition to informing
the existing richness, subsidize data about species of economic, biological and especially plant
importance that can be used as long-term indicators with a high spatial spectrum. This study aims to list
the aquatic plants from the southwestern region the APA of Baixada Maranhense, comparing them with
other humid natural areas in the Amazon region. The checklist was generated from exploratory
collections carried out in the study area and complemented with records from the database of virtual
herbaria as well as those from the Reflora (http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/) e GBIF
(https://www.gbif.org/) using the following descriptors: “macrophytes”, “aquatic”, “swamp”, “flooded”,
“lake”, “river” and “brejo” (in Portuguese and in English). Articles and book chapters that presented
floristic lists to be added to the checklist were also consulted. For the analysis of hierarchical clustering
based on arithmetic mean (UPGMA), the Jaccard distance index was used. 107 species, 78 genera and
37 families were identified. The most representative families were Fabaceae, Cyperaceae and Poaceae.
Among the inventoried species, two species had their occurrence recorded for the first time in Maranhão,
which are: Hydrocleys modesta and Bauhinia catingae. After the analysis, it was observed that the area
presented a difference between the Amazonian areas and the southwest of Baixada Maranhense. The
hydrological dynamics and geographic proximity can be related to the similarity found between the
studied areas. The predominance of aquatic species with wide distribution was observed, also seen in
other wetlands in Brazil. Species from the Amazon and Savana were recorded, indicating the ecotonal
condition of Maranhão. These data highlight the importance of the area for the conservation of aquatic
macrophytes in the State.
Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão
Tipo do documento: Dissertação; Disponibilização parcial do conteúdo do trabalho até o período de 12/2024 em decorrência de envio do trabalho para publicação em periódico científico.2021-12-20T00:00:00ZDistribuição do gênero Attalea Kunth no Maranhão: Histórico, Modelagem e Status de conservação
https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/tede/5136
Título: Distribuição do gênero Attalea Kunth no Maranhão: Histórico, Modelagem e Status de conservação
Autor: COSTA, Luann Brendo da Silva
Primeiro orientador: ALMEIDA JUNIOR, Eduardo Bezerra de
Abstract: This study aims to achieve the following objectives: I) present data on the species of the genus Attalea, with emphasis on babassu, on the historical roots of its use, potential and conservation aspects linked to the formation of the identity of women babassu coconut breakers in Maranhão; II) to highlight the environmental changes that Maranhão's ecosystems have undergone in just over three decades and to associate the consequences of these changes with the activities carried out by the Interstate Movement of Babassu Coconut Breakers; III) to draw up a map of the potential distribution of Attalea speciosa populations; IV) to evaluate the potential distribution in terms of priority areas for the conservation of biodiversity in Brazil and the Maranhão Conservation Units. In order to achieve objectives I and II, a literature review was carried out using the SciELO - Brazil, Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of Science databases, and land use and land cover data was used to draw up the maps. As a result, it was possible to see that in 1984 Maranhão had a considerable area of native vegetation, which has changed over the years due to the increase in agricultural activities and the reduction in babassu groves. The actions of women in Maranhão were fundamental in increasing the monitoring and enforcement of laws protecting babassu and consolidating the coconut breakers' movement. To achieve objectives III and IV, the Maximum Entropy algorithm was used to estimate potential distribution, which produced projections based on 92 records of A. speciosa. The data obtained showed a wide potential distribution of the species throughout practically the entire state of Maranhão and it was possible to identify suitable areas that have not yet been surveyed. When superimposed on the Priority Areas for Conservation, it was noted that in the Amazon, Cerrado and Caatinga the occurrence and areas with suitability for the species coincide with the PCAs, in categories ranging from very high to extremely high, as well as suitable areas in state Conservation Units. The analysis of the areas with the highest suitability, considered to be priorities for conservation, reinforced the importance of maintaining the state Conservation Units that have already been established. This data highlights the gaps in information on the species and may indicate areas for further sampling, forming a scientific framework for the process of drawing up management plans for Maranhão's conservation units.
Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão
Tipo do documento: Dissertação2022-10-31T00:00:00ZDiversidade e Tolerância de Fungos Endolíticos em Plantas Sujeitas a Estresses Causados por Metais Pesados
https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/tede/5037
Título: Diversidade e Tolerância de Fungos Endolíticos em Plantas Sujeitas a Estresses Causados por Metais Pesados
Autor: SILVA, Leandro Souza
Primeiro orientador: SIQUEIRA, Glécio Machado
Abstract: One of the main problems of the contemporary world is the contamination of soil and water by
heavy metals. Many microorganisms, such as fungi, for example, may interact with these heavy
metals in the environment acquiring the ability to survive by adaptation or mutations, and are
considered promising bioremediation agents. The objectives of this study were: (I) to evaluate
the frequency of endophytic fungi in plants of sites subject to contamination by heavy metals,
and (II) to evaluate the in vitro tolerance of these fungi to mercury. Leaves of eight plant species
were collected along the river banks of the Sabino Tributary Stream, in a region heavily
influenced by the Sanitary Landfill of Ribeira, São Luís, Brazil. These leaves were surface
disinfested and plated in BDA medium. The recovered endophytic fungi were purified, identified
and deposited in the mycological collection of NIBA / UFMA. The mercury tolerance of the 10
predominant species was evaluated by the mycelial growth of these in plates with BDA medium
supplemented with HgCl2 in seven concentrations (1 to 7 mg.mL-1). In total, 54 isolates were
obtained. Fungi belonged to 28 morphological types distributed in 11 genera. The Tolerance
Index (TI) and Mycelial Growth Rate Index analyzes indicated that, despite differences in
behavior under stress caused by mercury, many fungi exhibited satisfactory levels of tolerance to
the metal. Scytalidium lignicola and Trichoderma sp. showed high tolerance and high growth in
media containing high concentrations of HgCl2, indicating the possibility of the use of these
fungi in bioremediation essays of contaminated environments.
Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão
Tipo do documento: Dissertação2018-03-23T00:00:00Z