https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/1260 2026-04-12T05:24:55Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/6836 Título: Desenvolvimento de hidrogel tópico à base de goma guar contendo Lactiplantibacillus plantarum M2 Autor: ALVES, Ademilton Costa Primeiro orientador: SILVA, Luís Cláudio Nascimento da Abstract: The skin acts as a physical barrier, protecting the body against the invasion of environmental microorganisms, whose penetration can cause various pathologies. When this tissue ruptures, skin lesions can occur, leading to infection, and if the wound remains open for more than six weeks, it is considered chronic. This type of injury encourages bacterial proliferation, slowing down the healing process and potentially developing into serious infections. The high costs of treating these epithelial lesions, growing microbial resistance and the side effects of conventional therapies highlight the need for new therapeutic approaches. In this scenario, the bioprospecting of bioactive compounds and biotechnological products is gaining relevance. In this context, this study sought to develop a guar gum-based hydrogel containing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum M2. The methodology employed involved evaluating the efficacy and toxicity of the formulation; dermal toxicity by repeated dose in mice and its hematological, biochemical and histopathological and anti-inflammatory analyses. The results indicated the formulation's in vitro efficiency, absence of irritation, toxicity or hematological and histopathological alterations, as well as its anti-inflammatory effect, reinforcing the formulation's safety and efficacy. Furthermore, these results reinforce the possible proposal to adapt and continue the studies of this promising topical bioproduct, aware of the subsequent and necessary large-scale clinical trials and the evaluation of long-term effects. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Tese 2026-02-06T00:00:00Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/6792 Título: Produtos naturais inibidores da enzima glutationa S-transferase como estratégia biotecnológica para o controle de Rhipicephalus microplus e R. decoloratus Autor: BEZERRA, Wallyson André dos Santo Primeiro orientador: SOARES, Alexandra Martins dos Santos Abstract: Ticks of the genus Rhipicephalus constitute one of the main limitations to livestock production in tropical and subtropical regions, due to the significant economic losses associated with infestations and the increasing resistance to currently available synthetic acaricides. In this scenario, glutathione S-transferase (GST) stands out as a strategic molecular target, since it plays a central role in detoxification processes and resistance mechanisms of these ectoparasites. Thus, this study aimed to identify, characterize, and evaluate the potential of natural compounds as inhibitors of GSTs from R. microplus and R. decoloratus, employing integrated in silico and in vitro approaches. Initially, structural modeling and molecular docking analyses were conducted to investigate the interaction of different natural compounds with tick GSTs, including the alkaloid anonaine, the brachydins G, I, J, and K, as well as the compounds -stearyoxy-olean-12-ene, diosgenin, quercitrin, naringenin, ellagic acid, rutin, and quercetin, allowing the prediction of the affinity and binding mode of these molecules to the enzyme sites. In parallel, pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties were evaluated in silico to support the selection of the most promising candidates. Subsequently, the selected compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit recombinant GSTs, as well as for associated biological effects, including carrapaticidal activity, association with commercial acaricides, and cytotoxicity on bovine erythrocytes. The results showed that anonaine, an alkaloid isolated from Annona crassiflora, exhibited higher affinity, in silico, for R. microplus GST compared with human GST, used as a three-dimensional structural model for mammals. Furthermore, this alkaloid inhibited recombinant GST activity by up to 37.5% in a dose-dependent manner. Anonaine significantly enhanced the efficacy of cypermethrin, resulting in a reduction of the Additionally, the brachydins G, I, J, and K exhibited potent inhibitory activity on R. microplus ranging from 0.058 to 0.079 mg/mL, associated with stable molecular interactions in docking analyses and low hemolytic effect. Additionally, natural compounds belonging to the triterpene, flavonoid, and polyphenol classes demonstrated inhibitory activity against the GSTs of R. microplus and R. decoloratus. Among -stearyloxy-olean-12-ene and the flavonoid naringenin exhibited activity showed inhibitory activity against the GST of R. decoloratus These results indicate that natural compounds can act as selective inhibitors of the GSTs of R. microplus and R. decoloratus, suggesting the potential of this biotechnological approach in the development of sustainable and more effective acaricides. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Tese 2025-11-28T00:00:00Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/6753 Título: A otimização e controle dos fatores reguladores do processo de compostagem, para potencialização da reciclagem de resíduos orgânicos Autor: GERUDE NETO, Osman José de Aguiar Primeiro orientador: MIRANDA, Rita de Cássia Mendonça de Abstract: The biological processes of composting allow the control and recycling of organic matter, transforming it into reusable material. The thesis seeks to determine the levels of fibrous and organic material to assemble composting windrows, replacing the traditional biocatalyst (animal feces) with organic sludge, creating an alternative quality compost. Additionally, it tests alternative fibrous sources and the impact of water saturation on the quality of compounds, monitoring temperature and humidity with Arduino Uno R3. In Experiment I, 10 treatments were carried out: five with animal feces and five with organic sludge as biocatalysts, varying the fibrous composition from 70% to 0%. In Experiments II and III, the windrows contained 50% fibrous material and 50% organic material. In Experiment II, treatments T1 to T6 used sugarcane bagasse, leaves and grass, with a water potential of 70%, while T7 to T12 replicated the previous treatments, but with water saturation. In Experiment III, the windrows were composed of babassu bark, babassu fiber and broken babassu, with horse feces as a biocatalyst. In all experiments, we analyzed the chemical and physical parameters of the compounds formed. In Experiment I, all treatments had a pH between 7.01 and an OM content of up to 10.8%, classifying them as weak acidity soils. Despite the variation in biocatalysts and fiber content, the physical-chemical interactions analyzed surpassed literature references, demonstrating high quality in the compounds produced. In Experiment II, the variation in fiber increased the availability of nutrients, highlighting sugarcane bagasse as a viable alternative. In Experiment III, chemical analyzes showed satisfactory levels of available organic matter. Therefore, the optimization of the mixture of organic waste and fibrous materials, combined with the use of alternative biocatalysts, improved the quality and efficiency in the production of organic fertilizers. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Tese 2024-08-12T00:00:00Z https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/6732 Título: AVALIAÇÃO DO RESTO-INGESTA PARA A IMPLANTAÇÃO DE UM SISTEMA DE TRATAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS ORGÂNICOS POR MEIO DA COMPOSTAGEM OTIMIZADA COM BIOCATALISADORES Autor: PEREIRA, Daniel Rocha Primeiro orientador: MIRANDA, Rita de Cássia Mendonça de Abstract: The inadequate management of organic waste represents an environmental and health challenge, especially in educational institutions, where the production of this waste is significant. The leftovers index is a tool used to measure food waste and understand the relationship between the waste discarded by diners and the amount of food served. At the same time, composting appears to be a viable solution for treating this waste, avoiding improper disposal and promoting the production of quality organic compost. Furthermore, the efficiency of this process can be optimized through the addition of biocatalysts, which accelerate the decomposition of organic matter and positively influence the chemical parameters of the final compost. Therefore, the aim of this research is to evaluate the leftovers index in a school restaurant at an educational institution in São Luís/MA, develop a System for the Treatment of Organic Waste through Composting (STROC) and investigate the influence of adding biocatalysts on the quality of the compost produced. To this end, the research was conducted in three stages. The first consisted of the daily quantification of food waste discarded by 1,025 diners, from November 14, 2022 to June 23, 2023, to determine the leftover index. The second stage involved the implementation of the STROC, in which the waste was classified and submitted to the composting process in the “Windrow” system, with periodic turning to optimize aeration and humidity. In the third stage, the influence of biocatalysts on composting was assessed by setting up 12 windrows, six with the addition of horse, cattle and goat droppings as biocatalysts and six with no addition, for control purposes. The final compost was subjected to chemical analysis to check its quality. The results showed that the average leftover index was 4.96%, which was classified as “good”. The STROC proved efficient in treating organic waste from the school restaurant, processing a total of 3,074.35 kg of waste and generating high-quality organic compost. The addition of biocatalysts positively influenced pH stabilization and the retention of organic matter, especially the goat biocatalyst, which resulted in higher potassium concentrations. It can be concluded that assessing food waste, implementing an efficient composting system and using biocatalysts are sustainable and complementary strategies for organic waste management. Adopting these practices not only reduces environmental impacts and improves the quality of organic compost, but also promotes socio-environmental benefits, contributing to environmental education and the development of a circular economy in educational institutions. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Tese 2025-03-10T00:00:00Z