O Curso de Mestrado em Filosofia do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia (PPGFIL), reconhecido pela Portaria MEC nº 538 de 17 de junho de 2020, tem duas linhas de pesquisa: L1: Linguagem e Conhecimento L2: Filosofia Prática. https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/4475 2026-06-26T19:39:02Z 2026-06-26T19:39:02Z SILVA, Guilherme Rodrigues da https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/7070 2026-06-25T13:55:17Z 2026-06-11T00:00:00Z

Título: A relevância da temporalidade na percepção do mundo fenomênico em Merleau-Ponty Autor: SILVA, Guilherme Rodrigues da Primeiro orientador: FONTENELLE, Plínio Santos Abstract: This dissertation examines the relevance of temporality in the constitution of the perception of the lived world in the phenomenology of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, highlighting how the body itself presents itself as the place where the meaning of experience is produced and transformed. The investigation demonstrates subjectivity as an embodied presence in temporal unfolding, revisiting the incorporated past and opening itself to future possibilities. Temporality is treated differently from chronological succession, being understood as a dynamic structure through which the body orients itself in the world, recognizes continuities, and establishes new forms of relationship. Within this framework, motor skills assume a central role as an original mode of openness to the phenomenal field. The methodology adopted follows a phenomenological-hermeneutical orientation, grounded in an analytical reading of Merleau-Ponty's works, particularly Phenomenology of Perception, in dialogue with contemporary commentators. The dissertation is structured in three parts: a critique of the limits of empiricism and intellectualism; an elucidation of the body as a condition of perceptual experience; and an analysis of temporality as a dimension responsible for the continuity of perception and subjectivity. It concludes with the inseparability of perception and lived time, a dimension in which the world presents itself and is reinscribed in the body, sustaining the constitution of embodied subjectivity. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação

2026-06-11T00:00:00Z COSTA, Hugo Pinheiro https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/7051 2026-06-17T12:22:48Z 2026-02-20T00:00:00Z

Título: BINÔMIO PESSOA-BEM COMUM: Uma investigação das complementaridades entre o personalismo comunitário de Jacques Maritain e a teoria da participação de Karol Wojtyla Autor: COSTA, Hugo Pinheiro Primeiro orientador: PASSOS, Hélder Machado Abstract: La Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos, proclamada en 1948, puede considerarse como el punto de confluencia y maduración de una vasta producción filosófica sobre la dignidad humana. El texto reúne formulaciones filosóficas que contaron con la participación directa de algunos filósofos, entre ellos, Jacques Maritain y Karol Wojtyla. Sin embargo, tras más de 75 años de su proclamación, es innegable que los derechos humanos no están plenamente garantizados. Los abusos humanitarios en diversos escenarios, como el hambre, la guerra, la flexibilización de las leyes y la persecución ideológica, exponen la necesidad de una renovada reflexión que sitúe en el centro a la persona humana. A partir de estas inquietudes, el presente trabajo se propone investigar, desde el primado de la persona humana y del bien común, la complementariedad de la noción de personalismo comunitario de Jacques Maritain y la teoría de la participación de Karol Wojtyla. La primera etapa del desarrollo de la investigación partirá de la identificación de la filosofía personalista de Jacques Maritain por medio de la noción de humanismo integral, culminando en la formulación del personalismo comunitario como respuesta al problema de la persona humana en el siglo XX. A continuación, se buscará presentar la teoría de la participación de Karol Wojtyla como fundamento antropológico para una visión personalista de la actuación sociopolítica. Finalmente, se pretenderá determinar cómo la teoría de la participación complementa la noción de personalismo comunitario; para ello, se presentará la crítica al personalismo de Paul Ricoeur, de modo que, a partir del binomio persona humana y bien común —nociones fundamentales en ambos enfoques—, se integren para proporcionar un carácter teórico-filosófico más consolidado a la formulación del personalismo comunitario. Todos estos pasos tienen como objetivo central conducir a la determinación de que el personalismo comunitario se enriquece gracias a la complementariedad ofrecida por la teoría de la participación, anclada precisamente en el primado de la persona humana y en el bien común, permitiendo así el desarrollo y la maduración del personalismo comunitario.; The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, proclaimed in 1948, can be considered the point of convergence and maturation of a vast philosophical production on human dignity. The text brings together philosophical formulations that benefited from the direct participation of several philosophers, including Jacques Maritain and Karol Wojtyla. However, more than 75 years after its proclamation, it is undeniable that human rights are not fully guaranteed. Humanitarian abuses in various contexts, such as hunger, war, the weakening of laws, and ideological persecution, highlight the need for renewed reflection that places the human person at its center. Based on these concerns, this paper proposes to investigate, from the perspective of the primacy of the human person and the common good, the complementarity of Jacques Maritain's notion of communitarian personalism and Karol Wojtyla's theory of participation. The first stage of the research will begin with identifying Jacques Maritain's personalist philosophy through the notion of integral humanism, culminating in the formulation of communitarian personalism as a response to the problem of the human person in the 20th century. Next, Karol Wojtyla's theory of participation will be presented as an anthropological foundation for a personalist vision of sociopolitical action. Finally, the aim will be to determine how the theory of participation complements the notion of communitarian personalism. To this end, Paul Ricoeur's critique of personalism will be presented, so that, starting from the binomial of the human person and the common good—fundamental notions in both approaches—they can be integrated to provide a more consolidated theoretical and philosophical framework for the formulation of communitarian personalism. All these steps have as their central objective leading to the determination that communitarian personalism is enriched by the complementarity offered by the theory of participation, anchored precisely in the primacy of the human person and in the common good, thus allowing the development and maturation of communitarian personalism. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação

2026-02-20T00:00:00Z SOUSA, Itallo Luis Rodrigues de https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/7010 2026-05-26T13:33:27Z 2026-05-15T00:00:00Z

Título: A experiência encarnada da liberdade em Merleau-Ponty Autor: SOUSA, Itallo Luis Rodrigues de Primeiro orientador: FONTENELLE, Plínio Santos Abstract: This dissertation investigates the constitution of freedom from the perspective of embodied experience, drawing on the phenomenology of Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908–1961). It begins with a critique of the classical prejudices of rationalism and empiricism, which separated body and consciousness and thereby limited the understanding of perception. By situating the experience of the world in the lived body, Merleau-Ponty shows that perception is a way of inhabiting the world, grounded in a direct relation with the environment. Perception constitutes a living openness, through which the body organizes space, orients gestures, and generates meaning within experience. From this perspective, the body emerges as a subject shaped by habits and motor schemas that structure its relation to the world, such that consciousness is realized in contact with what surrounds it. Freedom is thus rethought as a situated potential, actualized in the relation between the subject and the possibilities offered by the environment, manifesting itself as a style (presence) that reappropriates the past and projects the future. Finally, the relation with others is analyzed as a fundamental dimension of corporeality: intercorporeality indicates that the body opens itself to other presences within the same sensible field, where alterity is expressed through the visibility of the other. In this way, freedom assumes a shared character, rooted in the world, within a field in which body, world, and existence are continuously and inseparably intertwined. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação

2026-05-15T00:00:00Z COSTA, Matheus Marques Rodrigues da https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/6925 2026-04-23T18:47:00Z 2026-03-23T00:00:00Z

Título: A FUNDAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA DA PSICOLOGIA: UMA ANÁLISE ONTOLÓGICA E EPISTEMOLÓGICA A PARTIR DO BEHAVIORISMO RADICAL Autor: COSTA, Matheus Marques Rodrigues da Primeiro orientador: SANTOS, César Frederico dos Abstract: The consolidation of Psychology as a science has historically been challenged by epistemological difficulties related to the nature of its object of study, traditionally conceived as consisting of private, subjective, and unobservable mental states. Among these challenges, the problem of other minds stands out, questioning the possibility of scientifically knowing the mental states of others, since only one’s own conscious experience is directly accessible. In this context, this dissertation aims to defend the scientific status of Psychology from the perspective of the analytic-behavioral approach, with radical behaviorism as its central theoretical framework. To this end, a philosophical and conceptual analysis is conducted of the notion of science, the historical difficulties faced by Psychology in establishing itself as a scientific discipline, and the implications of mind-body dualism for the epistemological status of the field. Subsequently, the foundations of radical behaviorism are examined, particularly the redefinition of mind as behavior — public or covert — and the rejection of mentalism as a causal explanation. Finally, the implications of this approach for research and clinical practice are discussed, with emphasis on Analytic-Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP). It is argued that by shifting the focus from inaccessible inner states to the functional relations between organism and environment, Behavior Analysis makes it possible to methodologically circumvent the problem of other minds while preserving criteria of objectivity, predictability, and control consistent with the natural sciences. The conclusion is that the analytic-behavioral approach provides a philosophically and scientifically robust foundation for Psychology, allowing it to maintain its scientific character despite traditional philosophical dilemmas. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação

2026-03-23T00:00:00Z