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Análise da associação entre a carga de hipersinal na substância branca e o acidente vascular encefálico isquêmico

2026-03-02T14:06:08Z

Título: Análise da associação entre a carga de hipersinal na substância branca e o acidente vascular encefálico isquêmico Autor: SOUSA, Márcia Beatriz Oliveira de Primeiro orientador: OLIVEIRA, Caio Márcio Barros de Abstract: Introduction: Cerebral white matter hyperintensities, which is part of the spectrum of small vessel disease, has been described in the literature as a biomarker for lacunar ischemic stroke. Some studies question its association with more extensive non- lacunar ischemic infarcts. The main objective was to understand this association in a population in the state of Maranhão. Additionally, to observe the association of high signal intensity in cerebral white matter with its main risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and advanced age. Method: Retrospective analysis of 176 brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans performed at a tertiary public hospital, in a cross-sectional study. The study was conducted between January 2022 and September 2024, including patients of both sexes aged 55 years or older, after approval by the ethics committee. Data were cataloged in an Excel spreadsheet and processed using StataNow 1.8 BE-Basic edition and Jamovi, employing Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test, ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc analysis for the parametric variable identified in the Shapiro-Wilk test, logistic regression, and Fleiss's Kappa to verify inter-observer agreement. Results: A statistically significant association was observed between higher hypersignal load in the white matter and lacunar infarcts, but not with more extensive cerebral infarcts. Furthermore, a statistically significant association with age was also detected. Conclusion: In patients with a higher hypersignal load in the cerebral white matter, a greater number of lacunar infarcts are detected, especially in older patients. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação

RNAs intergênicos não codificantes longos (lincRNAs) associados a mecanismos de invasão no câncer cervical: uma revisão sistemática e análise in silico.

2026-02-24T12:43:05Z

Título: RNAs intergênicos não codificantes longos (lincRNAs) associados a mecanismos de invasão no câncer cervical: uma revisão sistemática e análise in silico. Autor: SOUSA, Larissa Rodrigues de Primeiro orientador: ANDRADE, Marcelo Souza de Abstract: Introduction: Long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) are long non-coding transcripts that regulate gene expression through different mechanisms. lincRNAs participate in essential processes such as chromatin remodeling and the organization of cellular complexes. Their dysregulation is associated with the development and progression of cervical cancer (CC). For this reason, they have been investigated as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer research. Objective: To summarize the main studies on lincRNAs associated with invasion mechanisms in CC through a systematic literature search and in silico analysis. Methodology: The study consisted of a systematic review registered in PROSPERO and conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Searches were performed in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus, and the methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the JBI checklist. The characterization of lincRNAs and the prediction of their interactions and functions involved in silico analyses, including genomic identification (HGNC), prediction of chemosensitivity/chemoresistance (ncRNAdrug), and lincRNA–mRNA interaction (ENCORI). Functional analyses (GO and KEGG) were conducted using ClusterProfiler, and targets were integrated into STRING to generate the PPI network, which was later refined and visualized in Cytoscape. Results: The systematic search resulted in 26 eligible studies in which 23 lincRNAs related to CC were identified, mainly associated with invasion, proliferation, and EMT mechanisms. Among these, 17 acted in invasion, 20 in proliferation, and 6 in EMT, while only two showed an association with HPV. A total of 17 lincRNAs function as ceRNAs, and three are linked to lymph node metastasis, with one also associated with distant metastasis. In silico analyses revealed possible chemoresistance mediated by TUG1 (cisplatin) and LINC00511 (paclitaxel). The predicted interactions revealed central proteins such as HSP90AB1, RPS27A, and CAV1, which stood out as hubs in the PPI network. Functional analyses showed enrichment in pathways related to ovarian steroidogenesis, cAMP signaling, and cellular regulation processes, reinforcing the role of these lincRNAs in tumor progression and potential mechanisms of therapeutic resistance. Conclusion: These findings reinforce the potential of lincRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets, considering their role in important biological processes and signaling pathways linked to tumor progression. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação

Potencial antitumoral do extrato da casca de Geissospermum vellosii em câncer de mama: estudo in vitro da atividade citotóxica, anti migratória e antiproliferativa

2026-02-20T17:23:29Z

Título: Potencial antitumoral do extrato da casca de Geissospermum vellosii em câncer de mama: estudo in vitro da atividade citotóxica, anti migratória e antiproliferativa Autor: MARTINS, Monique Marques Primeiro orientador: SANTOS, Ana Paula Silva de Azevedo dos Abstract: Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide, and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents represents a major challenge to therapeutic success. In this context, secondary metabolites from plant species emerge as promising sources for the development of new drugs. Geissospermum vellosii (Apocynaceae), popularly known as Pau-Pereira (PP), is a species rich in indole alkaloids with antioxidant and antitumor activities, but with no previous studies in different human breast cancer cell lines. Objectives: This study evaluated the in vitro antitumor effect of the ethanolic extract from the stem bark of PP in human breast cancer cell lines. Methodology: The human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 (hormone receptor–positive) and MDA-MB-231 (hormone receptor–negative, triple- negative), as well as the non-tumorigenic human mammary cell line MCF-10, were used as controls. Cell viability, half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC5 0 ), and selectivity index (SI) were determined after 24, 48, and 72 hours of treatment with PP extract at concentrations ranging from 5 to 100 μg/mL using the MTT colorimetric assay. Morphological aspects were analyzed by optical microscopy. Proliferative capacity was evaluated by the colony formation assay. Cell migration was assessed using the scratch assay. Finally, the pro-apoptotic effect was evaluated by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, with cell cycle analysis using propidium iodide staining. Results: The extract reduced cell viability in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The IC5 0 values for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 at 48 h were 19.75 μg/mL and 18.60 μg/mL, respectively. However, MCF-10 showed the lowest IC5 0 (2.74 μg/mL), suggesting low selectivity toward the control cell line. Morphological analysis indicated cellular alterations suggestive of apoptosis after treatment. In the colony formation assay, the extract showed inhibitory effects in all cell lines. In the scratch assay, reduced cell migration was observed after 48 hours in a concentration-dependent manner, with a more pronounced effect at 24 h in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. The evaluation of the pro-apoptotic effect demonstrated that the extract induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner, possibly through cell cycle arrest at G1 in all cell lines. Conclusion: The stem bark extract of G. vellosii showed antitumor potential based on its antiproliferative, antimigratory, and pro-apoptotic effects in breast cell lines, confirming its potential as a source of prototype drugs for chemotherapy. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação

INVESTIGAÇÃO EPIDEMIOLÓGICA E ETNOFARMACOLÓGICA EM MULHERES COM SINTOMAS VULVOVAGINAIS EM UM MUNICÍPIO DA BAIXADA MARANHENSE

2026-01-23T11:52:05Z

Título: INVESTIGAÇÃO EPIDEMIOLÓGICA E ETNOFARMACOLÓGICA EM MULHERES COM SINTOMAS VULVOVAGINAIS EM UM MUNICÍPIO DA BAIXADA MARANHENSE Autor: LEITE, Alanna Mylla Costa Primeiro orientador: SILVA, Mayara Cristina Pinto da Abstract: Introduction: Vulvovaginal symptoms such as vaginal discharge, pruritus, burning, dysuria, and genital discomfort are frequent complaints in healthcare services and may result from different infectious and non-infectious conditions, including bacterial vaginosis, fungal infections, sexually transmitted infections, hormonal changes, and irritative processes. Among infectious causes, vulvovaginal candidiasis stands out, traditionally associated with Candida albicans. The increasing resistance to antifungal and antibacterial agents has driven the search for alternative therapies, including probiotics and plant-derived compounds, reinforcing the relevance of local ethnopharmacological knowledge. Objective: To investigate the epidemiological and ethnopharmacological profile of women with vulvovaginal symptoms receiving care in health services in a municipality of the Baixada Maranhense, with a focus on vulvovaginal candidiasis, analyzing prevalence, clinical manifestations, associated factors, and preventive and therapeutic practices adopted. Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted between October 2024 and August 2025, including women aged 18 to 50 years attending Primary Health Care Units and a hospital in the municipality of Pinheiro, Maranhão, Brazil. A structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic, clinical, and ethnopharmacological variables was applied. Data were analyzed using Jamovi software, employing chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests (p < 0.05). The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Maranhão (Opinion No. 7,163,938). Results: A total of 153 women attending health services in Pinheiro, Maranhão, were evaluated. The prevalence of laboratory detection of Candida spp. was 8.5%, including single and mixed infections. A discrepancy was observed between self-reported symptoms, such as vaginal discharge and pruritus, and laboratory confirmation. Lower educational level, vaginal douching, and continuous medication use were associated with the detection of Candida spp. The use of medicinal plants was reported by 50.3% of participants, especially among women with recurrent symptoms. Aroeira, barbatimão, and cat’s claw were the most frequently cited species, generally used in homemade preparations and associated with a high perception of symptom improvement. Conclusion: Vulvovaginal candidiasis showed low laboratory prevalence compared to the high frequency of vulvovaginal symptoms, highlighting challenges in the clinical recognition of vulvovaginitis in primary care. Clinical, behavioral, and social factors influenced the occurrence of infection, while the widespread use of medicinal plants underscored the relevance of ethnopharmacological practices in women’s therapeutic pathways. These findings point to the need for integrated strategies that combine qualification of care, health education, and critical recognition of traditional knowledge in women’s healthcare within the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação