TEDE Coleção:

RECUPERAÇÃO ECOLÓGICA DA RESTINGA DA PRAIA DE PANAQUATIRA, SÃO JOSÉ DE RIBAMAR, MARANHÃO

2026-07-10T12:38:52Z

Título: RECUPERAÇÃO ECOLÓGICA DA RESTINGA DA PRAIA DE PANAQUATIRA, SÃO JOSÉ DE RIBAMAR, MARANHÃO Autor: MARQUES, Rôlzele Robson Primeiro orientador: ZANANDREA, Ilisandra Abstract: Restinga is a resilient coastal ecosystem, but it is vulnerable to anthropogenic pressures and severe abiotic conditions, such as high solar radiation, wind exposure, salinity, and seasonal water deficit. This study was structured into two chapters, integrating a theoretical approach and a field-based analysis. Chapter 1, entitled “Restoration of restinga ecosystems: techniques, challenges, and perspectives for the recovery of coastal ecosystems”, consisted of an integrative review of restoration strategies applied to restinga ecosystems. The review indicated that nucleation and natural regeneration are promising and low-cost alternatives, although their effectiveness depends on the environmental conditions and degradation history of each site. Chapter 2, entitled “Natural regeneration of the Panaquatira restinga, São José de Ribamar”, evaluated Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR) in a restinga area in Maranhão after the removal of invasive species. The objective of this study was to characterize the physiognomy and floristic composition of areas undergoing restoration, identifying functional groups and assessing the influence of climatic seasonality on plant community structure. For this purpose, permanent plots were established in two areas with distinct physiognomies, and individuals with stem diameter at the base (SDB) ≥ 3 cm were monitored across four field campaigns. Phytosociological parameters, diversity, floristic similarity, and temporal responses of the community were analyzed using linear mixed models. A total of 808 individuals were recorded, distributed among 29 species and 13 families, with a predominance of native species and pioneer groups. The results indicated positive responses of the vegetation to ANR, particularly through the role of woody species in increasing canopy cover and promoting the structural development of the community. Environmental differences between the areas influenced regeneration structure, highlighting the importance of factors such as solar radiation, wind exposure, and water availability. Climatic seasonality also influenced species richness and abundance, with greater recruitment during the rainy season and ecological limitations during the dry season. Temporal monitoring revealed that the dry season was associated with structural simplification of the community and increased dominance of a few species, whereas the return of rainfall favored recruitment. During the rainy season, new species records represented 48.27% of the observed richness, with a predominance of representatives of the families Poaceae and Fabaceae, and floristic dissimilarity reached 0.45 in relation to previous periods. These results suggest that the restoration of restinga ecosystems in Maranhão responds positively to management interventions, but remains strongly conditioned by climatic seasonality. The survival of herbaceous species was limited by water deficit, reinforcing the need for long-term monitoring. Thus, ANR represents a viable strategy to promote ecological succession in restinga ecosystems, and further studies are recommended to evaluate the transition to more advanced successional stages and the influence of variables such as wind, humidity, and water availability on ecosystem stability. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação

Análise espacial da tuberculose pulmonar na população negra no estado do Maranhão de 2010 a 2024

2026-06-19T18:04:31Z

Título: Análise espacial da tuberculose pulmonar na população negra no estado do Maranhão de 2010 a 2024 Autor: MONTELO, Elivelton Sousa Primeiro orientador: SARDINHA, Ana Hélia de Lima Abstract: Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains one of the leading public health problems in Brazil and worldwide, accounting for high rates of morbidity and mortality. The pulmonary form is the most prevalent and epidemiologically relevant, as it represents the main route of transmission and accounts for most hospital admissions. This study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of hospitalizations due to pulmonary tuberculosis among the Black population in the state of Maranhão, Brazil, from 2010 to 2024. This is a retrospective ecological study based on data from the Brazilian Unified Health System Hospital Information System and population projections from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Hospitalization rates per 100,000 Black inhabitants were calculated and represented in thematic maps using QGIS (version 3.28.13)® and R (version 4.2.2)® software, applying Kernel density estimation and the Local Moran’s I (LISA) technique. A total of 960 hospitalizations for pulmonary tuberculosis were recorded among individuals self-identified as Black or Brown, of whom 68.0% were male and 53.4% were aged 30–59 years. Most cases occurred in inland municipalities (76.1%). Emergency admissions predominated (69.6%), and 96% of records referred to individuals identified as Brown. Spatial analysis revealed a heterogeneous and non-random pattern, with clusters of higher concentration in the central-northern and central-southern regions of the state. LISA identified statistically significant clusters (p < 0.05), with a High–High pattern in Fernando Falcão, Fortaleza dos Nogueiras, and Grajaú, and a Low–High pattern in Formosa da Serra Negra, São Raimundo das Mangabeiras, Colinas, Tuntum, São Luís Gonzaga do Maranhão, and Poção de Pedras. In conclusion, hospitalizations for pulmonary tuberculosis among the Black population in Maranhão show an unequal spatial distribution, reflecting the influence of racial and territorial factors on the occurrence and concentration of the disease in the state. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação

Caracterização Genômica e Prospecção In Silico de Metabólitos Secundários da Cianobactéria Nostoc Gbbb01 do Parque Nacional da Chapada das Mesas-MA

2026-06-03T12:18:11Z

Título: Caracterização Genômica e Prospecção In Silico de Metabólitos Secundários da Cianobactéria Nostoc Gbbb01 do Parque Nacional da Chapada das Mesas-MA Autor: ROCHA, Iolanda Karoline Barros dos Santos Primeiro orientador: DALL’AGNOL, Leonardo Teixeira Abstract: Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotic microorganisms that are known to produce a variety of secondary metabolites with diverse bioactivities. Although the state of Maranhão presents a unique combination of biodiversity since it has three Brazilian biomes (Amazon, Cerrado and Caatinga) and respective transition zones, few studies have been carried out to characterize the diversity of photosynthesizers and their potential. In view of this, this study aimed to characterize the genome of the Nostoc sp. GBBB01 from the collection of the UFMA Biodiversity, Bioprospecting and Biotechnology Research Group, isolated in unialgal culture originally from the Chapada das Mesas National Park, in the Cerrado of Maranhão, and investigating by means of genomic mining secondary metabolites of biotechnological interest. After metagenomic sequencing, the genomes obtained were separated and assembled and then proceeded with the step of annotating the isolated genome of the GBBB01 strain using the Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline (PGAP) and RAST. Structural and comparative characterization of the genome was performed using antiSMASH 5.0, NaPDoS, OrthoVven2, MEGA X for phylogeny and Species Tree application present in KBase for phylogenomics. Phenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA sequence of the Nostoc sp. GBBB01 confirmed the strong relationship with other strains of the genera Nostoc and Desmonostoc. 25 functional categories were identified by the RAST server. The search performed by the antiSMASH tool detected 24 gene clusters of biosynthetic pathways. When comparing individual results between genomes, the most common groupings were bacteriocins, terpenes, heterocyst glycolipids, NRPS, nostoficin, microviridine k and nostopeptolide A2, but only in the GBBB01 genome did we detect the biosynthetic pathways of nosperine, anabaenopeptin / nostamide A. C and KS domains were identified 15 and 21 respectively. This is the first record of a genome of the genus Nostoc from the state of Maranhão, the strain demonstrated the presence of genes related to several compounds with importance from the point of view of health and environment, in addition to revealing its high potential in producing bioactive compounds relevant to biotechnological applications. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação

Insegurança alimentar e sustentabilidade alimentar no Brasil: interseções entre o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados, desigualdade racial e pegada de carbono da dieta

2026-05-28T20:48:32Z

Título: Insegurança alimentar e sustentabilidade alimentar no Brasil: interseções entre o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados, desigualdade racial e pegada de carbono da dieta Autor: LIMA , Alícia Cardoso Primeiro orientador: COSTA, Andréa Suzana Vieira Abstract: Current food systems are characterized by increasing industrialization, globalization, long supply chains, and the intensification of ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption. These factors have contributed to a global syndemic marked by the pandemics of obesity and malnutrition, exacerbated by climate change and with significant impacts on food security (FS), particularly among Black populations and socially vulnerable groups, thereby deepening inequalities. In this context, Chapter I of this dissertation presents an integrative review aimed at summarizing the dietary patterns of the Black Brazilian population and identifying the determinants of their food choices. The search was conducted across six databases (SCOPUS, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, LILACS, and MEDLINE), in Portuguese and English, in addition to a manual reference search, resulting in the inclusion of 14 cross-sectional studies. The analysis revealed higher consumption of beans, carbohydrates, meats, and fats, and lower consumption of fruits, vegetables, ultra-processed foods, sugar-sweetened beverages, and fast food among mixed-race (pardo), Black, and quilombola populations, with influences from socioeconomic, racial, demographic, and territorial determinants. Chapter II aimed to analyze the association between UPF consumption and levels of food (in)security in the Brazilian population through a cross-sectional study using secondary data from the 2017–2018 Household Budget Survey (POF), with a representative sample of 46,164 individuals aged 10 years or older. Food security was assessed using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale, and dietary intake was obtained through a 24-hour recall and classified according to the NOVA system, considering demographic and socioeconomic variables. The results showed higher consumption of unprocessed and minimally processed foods in food-insecure households and higher consumption of UPFs among food-secure individuals, as well as a negative association between UPF consumption and both mild and severe food insecurity, with reduced differences after adjustment, suggesting a possible homogenization of consumption across groups. Finally, Chapter III analyzed differences in the dietary carbon footprint (CF) according to food insecurity levels using POF 2017–2018 data, estimating CF based on emission coefficients associated with consumed foods. The findings indicated a negative association between food insecurity and dietary CF, particularly at moderate and severe levels, and a positive association among food-secure individuals, with higher CF observed among males, adults, individuals with higher education and income, those living in rural areas, and residents of the Central-West and Northern regions. Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão Tipo do documento: Dissertação