TEDE Communidade:https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/tede/12024-03-29T10:00:02Z2024-03-29T10:00:02ZEfeito cardiovascular das saponinas extraídas das folhas de Syzygium cumini (L.) SkeelsCAMPOS, Matheus Brandãohttps://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/tede/51252024-02-01T19:24:36Z2019-08-08T00:00:00ZTítulo: Efeito cardiovascular das saponinas extraídas das folhas de Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels
Autor: CAMPOS, Matheus Brandão
Primeiro orientador: BORGES, Marilene Oliveira da Rocha
Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading causes of death in the world
and the search for new medicines that can ensure the treatment of diseases
such as hypertension, for example, are becoming more frequent. Among the
compounds investigated are products of plant origin that present classes of
metabolites with pharmacological potential on the cardiovascular system.
Saponins, class of plant origin, are amphiphilic molecules that have been seen
as a prominent source of compounds with beneficial activity to the
cardiovascular system. The present study evaluated the pharmacological
potential of saponins extracted from leaves of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels in
the cardiovascular system of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). SHR
male were treated for a period of 15 days with a rich fraction of S. cumini (FRS)
10 mg / kg / day / week saponins. and FRS 50 mg / kg / day / v.o. The results
demonstrated that FRS was able to reduce blood pressure of SHRs, promote a
reduction of arrhythmic events such as atrioventricular block and act on
peripheral vascular resistance in resistance arteries, causing the decrease of
noradrenaline-induced contraction in treated SHR animals with the highest
dose. The vasorelaxation mechanisms were also evaluated in mesenteric artery
rings. FRS was able to promote the vasorelaxing effect and block the
contraction induced by extracellular calcium. With the results presented, it is
concluded that FRS appears to act by blocking the influx of calcium and
promoting cardioprotection, being therefore a prominent agent with potential
antihypertensive effect and in cardiovascular disorders.
Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão
Tipo do documento: Tese2019-08-08T00:00:00ZEstimação do percentual de restrição do fluxo sanguíneo para treinamento físico com oclusão vascular em idososPINTO, Leandro Moraeshttps://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/tede/50142023-10-10T14:40:42Z2023-08-25T00:00:00ZTítulo: Estimação do percentual de restrição do fluxo sanguíneo para treinamento físico com oclusão vascular em idosos
Autor: PINTO, Leandro Moraes
Primeiro orientador: BARROS FILHO, Allan Kardec Duailibe
Abstract: With the growth of the elderly population, it is necessary to seek strategies for healthy aging,
so physical exercise has become an important tool for this process, and its association with
the vascular occlusion method is effective in improving different systems. affected by aging.
However, caution is needed in practical application to reduce the adverse effects and risks
of misuse. In this sense, the objective of this study was to estimate the percentage of blood
flow restriction for physical training with vascular occlusion for the elderly population. This
is a cross-sectional quantitative study carried out between the period from January 2022 to
September 2022 and 250 participants with a mean age of 65.7 ± 5.1 years were included in
the study, 45.6% (n=114) male and 54.4% (n=136) female. Body composition was evaluated
using the skinfold method, subjects' anthropometry, body circumferences (upper arm and
medial thigh), total occlusion pressure using a vascular color-doppler device, and
hemodynamic variables of systolic, diastolic, and resting heart rate. From testing the decision
tree model by regression, the variables with the best results for predicting and identifying
the subjects' total occlusion pressure were divided into upper and lower limbs, in which we
can highlight the percentage of body fat, the circumference of the arm, biceps skinfold and
diastolic blood pressure for estimating upper limbs with values of R = 0.900 and R2 = 0.81,
and also the percentage of fat, medial thigh circumference and diastolic blood pressure for
lower limbs with values of R = 0.843 and R2 = 0.71. The mathematical model elaborated,
validated, and tested in this study, with good reproducibility, relevance, and low cost
suggests that for the prediction of the total occlusion pressure in elderly individuals, the
variables that should be for the upper limbs are the percentage of body fat, biceps brachii
skinfold, thigh circumference, and diastolic blood pressure, while for the lower limbs, they
are body fat percentage, thigh circumference, and diastolic blood pressure.
Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão
Tipo do documento: Tese2023-08-25T00:00:00ZEfeitos do carvacrol no sistema renina angiotensina de ratos espontaneamente hipertensosCOSTA , Vicenilma De Andrade Martinshttps://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/tede/50072023-10-03T19:05:30Z2023-07-31T00:00:00ZTítulo: Efeitos do carvacrol no sistema renina angiotensina de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos
Autor: COSTA , Vicenilma De Andrade Martins
Primeiro orientador: BORGES, Antonio Carlos Romão
Abstract: Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is a relevant cardiovascular disease for public health,
whose hemodynamic changes can cause irreversible damage to target organs, such as the heart
and kidneys. In this way, it is salutary to investigate therapies that may contribute to the
treatment of SAH, together with the drugs already used in the clinical management of the
patient. Carvacrol, a monoterpene presents in essential oils, derived from oregano and thyme,
has been evaluated in several experimental protocols to evaluate its effect on the cardiovascular
system. The scientific literature reports the vascular effect of carvacrol, with an inhibitory
action on calcium channels. More recently, it was demonstrated by our research group, in an
innovative way, that this monoterpene, orally, can modulate the gene expression of AT1 and
MAS receptors in renal tissue of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), initially suggesting an
antihypertensive mechanism that modulates the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS). However,
it was not possible to assess whether carvacrol acts in a dose-dependent or independent manner,
its effect on angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE), or whether it acts on the gene expression
of MAS receptors in cardiac tissue. In this context, what we sought in the present consisted of
continuing the study of the effect of oral treatment with carvacrol on the modulation of the RAS
in SHR, evaluating the serum levels of ACE, Angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7), renal and hepatic
hemodynamic and biochemical patterns, lipidogram, in addition to the expression of AT1 and
MAS receptors in cardiomyocytes. Twenty-five animals, male, 90 days old, were provided by
the Federal University of Maranhão, ensuring normal microclimate conditions, with light-dark
cycle (12h:12h), water and standard diet ad libitum. The animals, after adaptation, were
randomized into groups: Wistar: normotensive control group treated with sorbitol (Wistar);
sorbitol-treated hypertensive control group (SHR-Sorbitol); hypertensive group treated with
50mg of losartan (SHR-Los-50mg); hypertensive group treated with 20mg/kg/day of carvacrol
(SHR-Carv-20mg) and hypertensive group treated with 40mg/kg/day of carvacrol (SHR-Carv 40mg). At the end of 30 days, the animals were euthanized for collection of blood and cardiac
tissue. Throughout the treatment, the animals had their weight gain and feed intake measured,
in addition to their hemodynamic patterns (blood pressure and heart rate) measured by the
indirect method, using a plethysmograph, always prior to the gavages. The results show an
antihypertensive effect, associated with the regulation of lipid levels. Furthermore, the data
indicate an inhibition in the synthesis of ACE I and regulation of the production of Angiotensin
1-7, culminating in the reduction of blood pressure in the groups treated with carvacrol, at
normotension levels, for both doses. In continuity, carvacrol promoted downregulation in the
expression of AT1 and MAS receptors in cardiac tissue, in a dose-dependent manner. The
results suggest that carvacrol is a phytochemical with antihypertensive properties, whose
mechanism of action seems to involve, in addition to calcium channels, RAS modulation, more
specifically, increase in serum ACEI and expression of cardiac MAS receptors.
Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão
Tipo do documento: Tese2023-07-31T00:00:00ZCombinação de compostos naturais e sintéticos como alternativa no controle de nematódeos gastrintestinais em pequenos ruminantesSOUSA, : Dauana Mesquitahttps://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/tede/49502023-09-18T19:12:29Z2023-05-05T00:00:00ZTítulo: Combinação de compostos naturais e sintéticos como alternativa no controle de nematódeos gastrintestinais em pequenos ruminantes
Autor: SOUSA, : Dauana Mesquita
Primeiro orientador: COSTA JUNIOR, Livio Martins
Abstract: The parasitic load of gastrointestinal nematodes can cause financial losses in sheep and goat production. In the routine, this infection is controlled by synthetic anthelmintic compounds, such as albendazole (ABZ). However, the frequent application of these compounds accelerates the selection of resistant organisms, preventing the control of these parasites by the dose previously administered. Thus, there is a need for alternatives, such as essential oils and their terpenoids, to control gastrointestinal nematodes. These present themselves as new compounds that can be administered in combination with synthetic anthelmintics. However, knowledge about the mechanism of action of these compounds is required to develop more efficient strategies. In this context, we sought to describe the pharmacological basis of terpenes and synthetic anthelmintics combinations as an alternative to increase antiparasitic efficacy. We also gathered in a single study information on the physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic characteristics, metabolism, and transport level of monoterpenes that may be relevant for achieving effective concentrations against different nematodes. Additionally, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo activity of Citrus aurantium var. Dulcis essential oil (CaEO) combined with ABZ against benzimidazole-resistant Haemonchus contortus. Through in vitro egg hatch assays (EHA) using CaEO and ABZ to estimate the effective concentration to achieve 50% egg hatch inhibition (EC50) and calculate the compound combinations using a simplex-centroid mixture design. To evaluate the reduction in egg counts in feces, one group per treatment was required, with eight sheep in each. The treatments were ABZ and the combination of CaEO with ABZ. In the EHA, CaEO and ABZ presented EC50 values of 0.57 and 0.0048 mg/mL, respectively. ABZ reduced the number of eggs in the feces by 78%, however, its combination with CaEO only reduced the count by 9%. It is important to highlight that despite the in vitro efficiency, we still need to verify the possible interference caused by natural products in the metabolism of anthelmintics, and consequently, their efficacy.
Instituição: Universidade Federal do Maranhão
Tipo do documento: Tese2023-05-05T00:00:00Z